Gentrificación a la limeña: El rol de los grupos de poder en dos procesos de gentrificación en Lima y Callao
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2023-11-21
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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A partir de las dimensiones de la gentrificación en la región de América Latina, se tiene el
objetivo de analizar los roles que cumplen los grupos de poder en dos procesos (Santa Cruz
y Monumental Callao) en Lima Metropolitana, con el fin de identificar si existe captura del
Estado. Asimismo, se describen los factores catalizadores y se analizan las similitudes con
otros casos significativos en la región. La metodología aplicada incluye la revisión
documentaria, cuantitativa de corte descriptivo con encuestas y cualitativa mediante
entrevistas. Como conclusión, se evidenciaron diferentes estructuras de poder. En Santa
Cruz, los grupos de poder predominantes son las entidades bancarias con afán perverso
buscando incrementar utilidades y cuotas del mercado inmobiliario a consta de “pacificar”
un barrio “estigmatizado” y enclavado en zonas residenciales de clases altas, aprovechando
la liberalización de las normativas de construcción por parte del gobierno distrital neoliberal.
Mientras que, en Monumental Callao, los grupos de poder han capturado el gobierno
provincial en un caso particular de forbearance: políticos se han beneficiado del statu quo
para reelegirse y emplean el personal público de seguridad para proteger los intereses del
proyecto gentrificador. Por último, se identificaron las dimensiones regionales de
gentrificación simbólica y nuevos mercados inmobiliarios en el primer y segundo caso,
respectivamente. Por lo cual, la “gentrificación a la limeña” no es singular, sino que presenta
matices adicionales al panorama regional.
Based on the dimensions of gentrification in the Latin American region, this investigation analyzes the roles played by power groups in two processes (Santa Cruz and Monumental Callao) in Metropolitan Lima, in order to identify whether there is State capture. It also describes the catalytic factors and analyses the similarities with other significant cases in the region. The methodology applied includes documentary reviews, descriptive quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. In conclusion, different power structures were evidenced. In Santa Cruz, the predominant power groups are banking entities with a perverse eagerness to increase profits and real estate market shares by "pacifying" a "stigmatized" neighborhood located in upper-class residential areas, taking advantage of the liberalization of construction regulations by the neoliberal district government. Meanwhile, in Monumental Callao, power groups have captured the provincial government in a particular case of forbearance: politicians have benefited from the status quo to get re-elected and employ public security personnel to protect the interests of the gentrification project. Finally, the regional dimensions of symbolic gentrification and new real estate markets were identified in the first and second case, respectively. Thus, "gentrification a la limeña" is not unique, but presents additional nuances to the regional picture.
Based on the dimensions of gentrification in the Latin American region, this investigation analyzes the roles played by power groups in two processes (Santa Cruz and Monumental Callao) in Metropolitan Lima, in order to identify whether there is State capture. It also describes the catalytic factors and analyses the similarities with other significant cases in the region. The methodology applied includes documentary reviews, descriptive quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews. In conclusion, different power structures were evidenced. In Santa Cruz, the predominant power groups are banking entities with a perverse eagerness to increase profits and real estate market shares by "pacifying" a "stigmatized" neighborhood located in upper-class residential areas, taking advantage of the liberalization of construction regulations by the neoliberal district government. Meanwhile, in Monumental Callao, power groups have captured the provincial government in a particular case of forbearance: politicians have benefited from the status quo to get re-elected and employ public security personnel to protect the interests of the gentrification project. Finally, the regional dimensions of symbolic gentrification and new real estate markets were identified in the first and second case, respectively. Thus, "gentrification a la limeña" is not unique, but presents additional nuances to the regional picture.
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Gentrificación--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Gentrificación--Perú--Callao (Provincia Constitucional), Grupos de presión--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Grupos de presión--Perú--Callao (Provincia Constitucional), Gobiernos subnacionales--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Gobiernos subnacionales--Perú--Callao (Provincia Constitucional)
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