Informe jurídico sobre la sentencia recaída en el Expediente N° 362-2020-0- 1817-SP-CO-02 (Caso arbitral N° 311-2018-CCL): Anulación de laudo arbitral por reconducción de la causa petendi
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2024-07-31
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El presente informe analiza la corrección de una sentencia expedida por la
Segunda Sala Civil con Subespecialidad Comercial de Lima que declaró nulo en
parte un laudo arbitral a través del cual había concedido una pretensión
indemnizatoria por incumplimiento contractual, al considerar que dicho laudo
arbitral contenía una motivación sustancialmente incongruente, toda vez que el
Tribunal Arbitral recalificó el factor de atribución postulado por el demandante
arbitral – reconducción de la causa petendi.
El problema principal radica en determinar si la decisión adoptada por la Sala fue
acertada o no. Para lo cual analizaremos, a la luz de lo establecido por la doctrina
y la jurisprudencia, si el Tribunal Arbitral, al recalificar el factor de atribución,
respetó el contradictorio y al principio de congruencia de las partes.
La conclusión principal es que el Tribunal Arbitral aplicó el principio iura novit
curia sin respetar el derecho al contradictorio de la perjudicada, generando así
un laudo arbitral incongruente en relación a los términos iniciales del debate.
Al respecto, si bien el ordenamiento jurídico peruano no contempla una
regulación óptima del dicho principio, en la medida que la actual no ha
determinado los límites que debe suponer su aplicación, la doctrina y la
jurisprudencia se han encargado de delimitar los límites de dicho principio.
Al respecto, existe un consenso en que su debida aplicación pasa por respetar
el derecho al contradictorio, debiéndose correr traslado a las partes, antes de
laudar o emitir sentencia, a fin de que puedan cuestionar los nuevos términos del
debate.
This report analyzes the correction of a judgment issued by the Second Civil Chamber with Commercial Subspecialty of Lima that declared null and void in part an arbitration award through which it had granted a claim for damages for breach of contract, by considering that such arbitration award contained a substantially inconsistent motivation, since the Arbitral Tribunal re-qualified the attribution factor postulated by the plaintiff in the arbitration - reconduction of the causa petendi. The main problem lies in determining whether the decision adopted by the Chamber was correct or not. To this end, we will analyze, in the light of the doctrine and case law, whether the Arbitral Tribunal, in recharacterizing the attribution factor, respected the contradictory and the principle of congruence of the parties. The main conclusion is that the Arbitral Tribunal applied the iura novit curia principle without respecting the right to contradictory arguments of the injured party, thus generating an inconsistent arbitral award in relation to the initial terms of the debate. In this regard, although the Peruvian legal system does not contemplate an optimal regulation of the said principle, to the extent that the current one has not determined the limits that its application should entail, the doctrine and jurisprudence have been in charge of delimiting the limits of the said principle. In this regard, there is a consensus that its due application involves respecting the right to contradictory arguments, and that it must be applied in a manner that is consistent with the right to a fair trial.
This report analyzes the correction of a judgment issued by the Second Civil Chamber with Commercial Subspecialty of Lima that declared null and void in part an arbitration award through which it had granted a claim for damages for breach of contract, by considering that such arbitration award contained a substantially inconsistent motivation, since the Arbitral Tribunal re-qualified the attribution factor postulated by the plaintiff in the arbitration - reconduction of the causa petendi. The main problem lies in determining whether the decision adopted by the Chamber was correct or not. To this end, we will analyze, in the light of the doctrine and case law, whether the Arbitral Tribunal, in recharacterizing the attribution factor, respected the contradictory and the principle of congruence of the parties. The main conclusion is that the Arbitral Tribunal applied the iura novit curia principle without respecting the right to contradictory arguments of the injured party, thus generating an inconsistent arbitral award in relation to the initial terms of the debate. In this regard, although the Peruvian legal system does not contemplate an optimal regulation of the said principle, to the extent that the current one has not determined the limits that its application should entail, the doctrine and jurisprudence have been in charge of delimiting the limits of the said principle. In this regard, there is a consensus that its due application involves respecting the right to contradictory arguments, and that it must be applied in a manner that is consistent with the right to a fair trial.
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Arbitraje y laudo--Perú, Nulidad (Derecho)--Perú, Derecho procesal civil--Perú
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