Nuevo régimen de incentivos que promueve la participación del sector privado en la remediación voluntaria de Pasivos Ambientales Mineros (PAM)
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2023-10-13
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La minería constituye un sector clave para el crecimiento económico del país; sin
embargo, durante un largo periodo dicha actividad se desarrolló bajo una frágil
regulación generando Pasivos Ambientales Mineros (PAM). A partir de los 80’s, se
incorporó el concepto de desarrollo sostenible para el uso racional de los recursos
naturales. En base a esta aproximación, el Estado Peruano aplicó dos enfoques para
atender la problemática de PAM: el preventivo (cierre de minas); y, el correctivo
(manejo y cierre de PAM). Perú fue el primer país en Latinoamérica en contar con un
marco legal específico de PAM, regulando su identificación e inventario, estableciendo
como responsables del cierre a los generadores, y ante su inexistencia o incapacidad,
al Estado a través de Activos Mineros S.A.C. Dicha empresa estatal requiere aplicar el
Invierte.pe y la Ley de Contrataciones del Estado no evidenciando una gestión eficiente
en el cierre de PAM, por lo que es necesario promover la participación del sector
privado en su remediación voluntaria. Los incentivos existentes para el sector privado
no muestran resultados favorables, por lo que en base a este trabajo de investigación
se ha identificado a la Subasta Pública de PAM reaprovechables como un mecanismo
de competencia por el mercado que permitirá su integración. Esta propuesta rentabiliza
el cierre de PAM ofreciendo beneficios al privado, al Estado y a la población. Asimismo,
distribuye adecuadamente los riesgos que involucra la remediación, permitiendo el
cierre de PAM con eficiencia y sin comprometer presupuesto público. Los resultados
de este trabajo de investigación se encuentran contenidos en un proyecto de ley.
Mining is a key sector for the country's economic growth; however, for a long period this activity was carried out under weak regulation, generating Mining Environmental Liabilities (PAM1). Starting 1980s, the concept of sustainable development for the rational use of natural resources was incorporated. Based on this the Peruvian Government applied two strategies to address the PAM problem: preventive approach (mine closure plan); and corrective approach (environmental damage management caused by PAM). Peru was the first country in Latin America to have a specific legal framework for PAM, regulating its identification and preparing a PAM inventory, establishing generators as responsible for the closure and damage repair. In the event that said generator does not fulfill the obligation of closure or is not possible to identify the generator, the Peruvian Government perform the management of the PAM through Activos Mineros S.A.C. Said state-owned company is under the regulations of the Invierte.pe and the State Procurement Law, not allowing efficient management for the closure of PAM, so it is necessary to promote the participation of the private sector in the voluntary remediation of PAM. The existing incentives for the private sector do not show favorable results. Therefore, based on this research work, the Public Auction to the reuse of PAM has been identified as a market competition mechanism that will allow their integration. This proposal makes the closure of PAM profitable by offering benefits to the private sector, the State and the population. Likewise, it adequately distributes the risks involved in remediation, allowing the closure of PAM efficiently and without compromising the public budget. The results of this research work are contained in a bill.
Mining is a key sector for the country's economic growth; however, for a long period this activity was carried out under weak regulation, generating Mining Environmental Liabilities (PAM1). Starting 1980s, the concept of sustainable development for the rational use of natural resources was incorporated. Based on this the Peruvian Government applied two strategies to address the PAM problem: preventive approach (mine closure plan); and corrective approach (environmental damage management caused by PAM). Peru was the first country in Latin America to have a specific legal framework for PAM, regulating its identification and preparing a PAM inventory, establishing generators as responsible for the closure and damage repair. In the event that said generator does not fulfill the obligation of closure or is not possible to identify the generator, the Peruvian Government perform the management of the PAM through Activos Mineros S.A.C. Said state-owned company is under the regulations of the Invierte.pe and the State Procurement Law, not allowing efficient management for the closure of PAM, so it is necessary to promote the participation of the private sector in the voluntary remediation of PAM. The existing incentives for the private sector do not show favorable results. Therefore, based on this research work, the Public Auction to the reuse of PAM has been identified as a market competition mechanism that will allow their integration. This proposal makes the closure of PAM profitable by offering benefits to the private sector, the State and the population. Likewise, it adequately distributes the risks involved in remediation, allowing the closure of PAM efficiently and without compromising the public budget. The results of this research work are contained in a bill.
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Industria minera--Legislación--Perú, Industria minera--Aspectos ambientales--Perú, Subastas del gobierno--Perú, Empresas privadas--Perú
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item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
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