Hybrid Perovskite Degradation from an Optical Perspective: A Spectroscopic Ellipsometry Study from the Deep Ultraviolet to the Middle Infrared

Abstract

A quantitative analysis of the thermally induced degradation of various device-relevant multi-cation hybrid perovskite films is performed using spectroscopic ellipsometry, for temperatures between 80 and 120 °C. The studied compositions are a triple cation perovskite Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.95Pb(Br0.17I0.83)3, a Rb-containing variant Rb0.05Cs0.05(MA0.17FA0.83)0.90Pb(Br0.17I0.83)3, and a methylammonium-free Rb0.05Cs0.10FA0.85PbI3 composition. A very wide combined spectral range of 200 nm to 25 μm is covered by combining the data from two separate instruments. The relative changes in organic cation concentrations are quantified from the middle infrared molecular absorption bands, leveraging the use of point-by-point fitting for increased sensitivity. Additionally, the formation of PbI2 and non-perovskite δ-CsPbI3 phases is evidenced from Bruggemann effective medium fits to the visible and ultraviolet complex refractive indices. Methylammonium is almost completely depleted from the relevant compositions within 100 to 285 min of thermal annealing. The MA-free perovskite degrades faster at intermediate temperatures, which is attributed to phase instability due to the formation of δ-CsPbI3 in addition to PbI2.