Informe jurídico de la Resolución N° 11 de la Primera Sala Contencioso Administrativa Transitoria de la Corte Superior de Justicia de Lima, correspondiente al Expediente N° 01504-2008-0-1801-JR-CA-01: un análisis sobre la interpretación de la calificación de fuerza mayor en interrupciones del suministro eléctrico
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2024-08-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El caso EDECAÑETE trata sobre la determinación de si el hurto de cables de
media tensión puede ser considerado un evento de fuerza mayor, lo que eximiría
a la concesionaria de responsabilidad por la interrupción del suministro eléctrico.
Los instrumentos normativos principalmente empleados incluyen el Código Civil
Peruano y la Ley de Concesiones Eléctricas, junto con la Directiva de
OSINERGMIN.
La conceptualización jurídica de los eximentes de responsabilidad por caso
fortuito y fuerza mayor tiene sus raíces en el derecho romano, donde ambos
términos tienen significados distintos: el caso fortuito se refiere a eventos
imprevisibles y la fuerza mayor a eventos irresistibles. La normativa peruana,
influenciada por el Código Napoleónico, no distingue claramente entre ellos,
tratándolos como sinónimos. Esta falta de diferenciación ha llevado a
confusiones en su aplicación práctica.
La regulación de la fuerza mayor en la Directiva de OSINERGMIN exige que los
eventos sean imprevisibles, irresistibles y extraordinarios. Sin embargo, la
normativa no proporciona una guía clara para situaciones específicas como el
hurto de cables, lo que puede llevar a una interpretación rígida que no considera
adecuadamente las circunstancias particulares de cada caso.
En la evaluación del caso, la Sala desestimó la solicitud de EDECAÑETE
argumentando que el hurto de cables es previsible y que la empresa no tomó
suficientes medidas preventivas. Sin embargo, esta interpretación no considera
adecuadamente la naturaleza extraordinaria e irresistible del evento, así como
los esfuerzos de la empresa para mitigar los riesgos. EDECAÑETE adoptó
diversas medidas preventivas para proteger su infraestructura, pero la Sala y
OSINERGMIN exigieron una sobre diligencia que no corresponde a la realidad
operativa de la concesionaria. La expectativa de prevenir completamente los
hurtos es irrazonable y no toma en cuenta la naturaleza imprevisible y violenta
de tales actos delictivos.
En conclusión, el hurto de cables de media tensión por EDECAÑETE debió
calificarse como un evento de fuerza mayor. La empresa actuó con la debida
diligencia al implementar medidas preventivas razonables, y el hurto representa
un evento irresistible que escapa al control de la concesionaria. Por lo tanto,
EDECAÑETE debería haber sido eximida de responsabilidad por la interrupción
del suministro eléctrico causada por este hurto.
The EDECAÑETE case concerns the determination of whether the theft of medium voltage cables can be considered a force majeure event, which would exempt the concessionaire from liability for the interruption of the electricity supply. The main normative instruments employed include the Peruvian Civil Code and the Law of Electrical Concessions, along with the OSINERGMIN Directive. The legal conceptualization of exculpatory events for fortuitous events and force majeure has its roots in Roman law, where both terms have distinct meanings: fortuitous event refers to unpredictable events, and force majeure to irresistible events. Peruvian regulations, influenced by the Napoleonic Code, do not clearly distinguish between them, treating them as synonyms. This lack of differentiation has led to confusion in their practical application. The regulation of force majeure in the OSINERGMIN Directive requires events to be unpredictable, irresistible, and extraordinary. However, the regulation does not provide clear guidance for specific situations such as cable theft, which can lead to a rigid interpretation that does not adequately consider the particular circumstances of each case. In evaluating the case, the court rejected EDECAÑETE's request, arguing that cable theft is foreseeable and that the company did not take sufficient preventive measures. However, this interpretation does not adequately consider the extraordinary and irresistible nature of the event, as well as the company's efforts to mitigate the risks. EDECAÑETE adopted various preventive measures to protect its infrastructure, but the court and OSINERGMIN required an excessive level of diligence that does not correspond to the operational reality of the concessionaire. The expectation of completely preventing thefts is unreasonable and does not take into account the unpredictable and violent nature of such criminal acts. In conclusion, the theft of medium voltage cables by EDECAÑETE should have been classified as a force majeure event. The company acted with due diligence by implementing reasonable preventive measures, and the theft represents an irresistible event beyond the concessionaire's control. Therefore, EDECAÑETE should have been exempted from liability for the interruption of the electricity supply caused by this theft.
The EDECAÑETE case concerns the determination of whether the theft of medium voltage cables can be considered a force majeure event, which would exempt the concessionaire from liability for the interruption of the electricity supply. The main normative instruments employed include the Peruvian Civil Code and the Law of Electrical Concessions, along with the OSINERGMIN Directive. The legal conceptualization of exculpatory events for fortuitous events and force majeure has its roots in Roman law, where both terms have distinct meanings: fortuitous event refers to unpredictable events, and force majeure to irresistible events. Peruvian regulations, influenced by the Napoleonic Code, do not clearly distinguish between them, treating them as synonyms. This lack of differentiation has led to confusion in their practical application. The regulation of force majeure in the OSINERGMIN Directive requires events to be unpredictable, irresistible, and extraordinary. However, the regulation does not provide clear guidance for specific situations such as cable theft, which can lead to a rigid interpretation that does not adequately consider the particular circumstances of each case. In evaluating the case, the court rejected EDECAÑETE's request, arguing that cable theft is foreseeable and that the company did not take sufficient preventive measures. However, this interpretation does not adequately consider the extraordinary and irresistible nature of the event, as well as the company's efforts to mitigate the risks. EDECAÑETE adopted various preventive measures to protect its infrastructure, but the court and OSINERGMIN required an excessive level of diligence that does not correspond to the operational reality of the concessionaire. The expectation of completely preventing thefts is unreasonable and does not take into account the unpredictable and violent nature of such criminal acts. In conclusion, the theft of medium voltage cables by EDECAÑETE should have been classified as a force majeure event. The company acted with due diligence by implementing reasonable preventive measures, and the theft represents an irresistible event beyond the concessionaire's control. Therefore, EDECAÑETE should have been exempted from liability for the interruption of the electricity supply caused by this theft.
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Prevención del delito--Perú--Lima, Delincuencia--Prevención, Fuerza mayor (Derecho civil)--Jurisprudencia--Perú
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item.page.review
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