Modelo y evaluación de la gestión del conocimiento en organizaciones del clúster energético
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Date
2022-01-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Durante el 2000 al 2021, las investigaciones, evaluación y desarrollo de la
“gestión del conocimiento” (GC) se ha enriquecido y desarrollado desde las
propuestas iniciales de Nonaka y Takeuchi [26], hasta los algoritmos
desarrollados para implementar la inteligencia artificial en ordenadores y
sistemas robotizados.
Se precisa que el “capital intelectual” en una organización como la composición
de “activos intangibles” que incluyen la GC de los trabajadores, la facultad de
comprender, interiorizar, “adaptarse”, relacionarse con las personas al interior y
exterior de la estructura organizacional como “clientes y proveedores”, la imagen
empresarial, productos, procesos internos, innovación y desarrollo; que generan
o generarán valor a futuro, originando una ventaja competitiva de acuerdo al
autor Sanchez, Melián & Hormiga [31], cuyas últimas investigaciones corroboran
la interrelación de los elementos mencionados con las investigaciones del autor
Todericiu & Serban [36].
En la investigación de Sanchez, Melián & Hormiga [31], se define la composición
del “capital intelectual” basado en el aspecto “humano, estructural y relacional”,
en la cual se afirma que el concepto de capital intelectual comenzó a tener
importancia, junto con la teoría de los recursos, desarrollado por la Ref. [22] ,
cuyo eje focal considera que la empresa, no se manifiesta a través de sus
actividades en el mercado del producto o servicio, sino como una sola
combinación de recursos tangibles e intangibles.
El conocimiento puede ser considerado como una “evolución epistemológica”
[16]. En el 2015 la GC tuvo un importante aporte en la comunidad científica, con
la definición del autor Demchig: “Actividades deliberadas sistémicas que
manejan los recursos de la organización de una forma más eficiente para obtener
mejoras y lograr un mejor desempeño a través de disponibilidad, accesibilidad y
uso efectivo del conocimiento; lo cual permite a las compañías estimular la
innovación, con base al cliente y activo intangible para la excelencia en el
negocio” [10].
Como conclusión a la presente tesis, se induce que las organizaciones que
proporcionan los espacios e invierten en el uso efectivo del conocimiento, son las más innovadoras y presentan una amplia diferenciación (valor agregado),
respecto a otras de su mismo rubro.
En el año 2012, el autor Songsangyos nos presenta el conocimiento en 2
categorías: (1) Conocimiento tácito, en el cual está incorporado en la mente de
las personas y es adquirido de sus propias experiencias, (2) el conocimiento
explicito el cual transforma el conocimiento tácito en la forma de reporte como
libros, CD-ROMs, bases de información, entre otros [32]. Al respecto, pienso que,
al promover la creación de conocimiento explícito en los estudiantes, a partir de
sus experiencias, permitirá no solo un desarrollo más dinámico del aprendizaje
en las instituciones, sino que también se promoverá el desarrollo de personas
más creativas y preparadas para la solución de conflictos de la sociedad.
Hoy en día, el conocimiento en las organizaciones es considerado una de las
fuentes de producción, una fuente sostenible de ventaja competitiva que agrega
valor en la organización en las instituciones educativas. Se evidencia que existen
situaciones que inciden en el conocimiento para impedir o posibilitar el trato como
información y no como conocimiento; en conformidad por las investigaciones de
los autores Rowley (2000) y Balderas (2009), ambos concluyen que las
universidades están en el negocio del conocimiento, ya que están involucrados
en la creación de conocimiento, difusión y el aprendizaje, por tanto las
organizaciones de desarrollo de tecnologías hasta las empresas burocráticas
con mercados monopolizados con ingresos fijos establecidos, han de estar
llenas de ejemplos de éxito y mejores prácticas, avanzando en el aprendizaje y
enseñanza, investigación y servicios de consultoría a través de la creación de
conocimiento y aplicación del mismo.
En las organizaciones del clúster de energía, los resultados son mejorables tanto
en eficiencia como en calidad, pues no consideran los requerimientos de la
sociedad en su integralidad. Asimismo, deben tener conciencia que tienen
fortalezas en ciertas áreas y que pueden ser más eficientes trabajando en
equipo, promoviendo el trabajo cooperativo inter-institución. Bajo este contexto,
en el 2015, el autor Demchig considera que la GC organizacional es una
“disciplina” joven y nueva en concepto. Por lo tanto, no se limitan a artículos de
investigación científica y discusiones acerca de cómo utilizar la GC de acuerdo
al autor Fullan en el 2001 [13]; en donde se busque mejorar la práctica de la
14/363
institución educativa, mediante mejoras en la implementación de la malla
curricular, procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje.
La presente tesis ha permitido:
- Presentar el fundamento teórico y experiencias en la gestión del
conocimiento, limitantes y metodologías.
- Desarrollar el modelo de GC en empresas de energía.
- Validar el “modelo propuesto” para las empresas de energía.
- Evaluar el “modelo de gestión del conocimiento para empresas de
energía”.
In the last twenty years, the analysis of knowledge management (KM) has been enriched and developed. The initial proposals of Nonaka and Takeuchi in 1995, till the algorithms developed to implement artificial intelligence in computers and complex systems are the results of evolution in the KM field. The intellectual capital in an organization is explained as a combination of intangible that include the workers’ knowledge, the ability to learn, adapt, relate to customers and suppliers, the business image, products, internal processes, innovation and development generate the change in the organization or generate future value, creating a competitive advantage according to the author Sanchez, Melián & Hormiga (2007), whose latest research corroborates the interrelation of the aforementioned elements with the author's research Todericiu & Serban (2015). In the research of Sanchez, Melián & Hormiga (2007), the composition of intellectual capital is defined in: Human, structural and relational, which generates the concept of intellectual capital joins to the resources theory, developed by the author Mhedhbi (2013), whose focal point considers that the company does not manifest itself through its activities in the creation of new assets or services, with tacit and explicit knowledge. Besides, the knowledge can be considered as an "epistemological evolution" (Honderich, 1995). In 2015, knowledge management reached a consensus in the scientific community according to the author Demchig (2015): "Deliberate systemic activities that manage the resources of the organization in a more efficient way to obtain improvements and achieve a better performance through availability, accessibility and effective use of knowledge; which allows companies to stimulate innovation, based on the client and intangible asset for business excellence” As a conclusion, the organizations that offer the spaces and invest in the effective use of knowledge, are the most innovative and present a wide differentiation (added value), with respect to others of the same category. The author Songsangyos (2012) presents knowledge in 2 categories: (i) Tacit knowledge, in which it is incorporated into people's minds and is acquired from 16/363 their own experiences, ii) explicit KM, allows to generate tacit in the form of reports such as books, CD-ROMs, information bases, among others. In this regard, I think that, by promoting the creation of explicit knowledge in students, based on their experiences, it will not only allow a more dynamic development of learning in institutions, however, it could endorse the expansion of more creative and prepared people solving-conflicts in society. Today, knowledge in organizations is reflected the sources of production, a sustainable (as competitive advantage); that adds importance to the organization in educational institutions. It is evident that there are situations that affect knowledge to prevent or enable treatment as information and not as knowledge; According with Rowley (2000) and Balderas (2009), both conclude about the Universities “are in the knowledge business, since they are involved in the creation of knowledge”, dissemination and learning, therefore and from technology development organizations to bureaucratic firms with monopolized markets with established fixed incomes, “must be full of successful examples and best practices, advancing learning and teaching, research” and consulting services through the origin of the knowledge “and application” of it. In the energy cluster organizations, the results could be “improved both in terms of efficiency” and quality, since they do not consider the requirements of society in its entirety. Likewise, they must be aware that they have strengths in certain areas and that they can be more efficient working as a team, promoting cooperative inter-institution work. Under this context, the author Demchig (2015) considers that organizational knowledge management is a young and new discipline in concept. “Therefore, studies and discussions about how to use knowledge management” are not limited according to the author Fullan (2001), where it seeks to improve the practice of the educational institution, from side to side improvements in the implementation of the curriculum. This thesis has allowed: - To present the theoretical foundation and experiences in knowledge management, limitations and methodologies. - To develop the knowledge management model in energy companies. - Validate the proposed model for energy companies. - Evaluate the knowledge management model for energy companies. One of the key rewards, is the holistic approach to optimize business performance to optimize the cost value and increase the effectiveness of actions and objectives. “The end result is greater than the sum” of the parts when you bring together information and operations technology, under the guidance of deep industry experience, being the model a force multiplier for organizations, looking to leverage their technology investments.
In the last twenty years, the analysis of knowledge management (KM) has been enriched and developed. The initial proposals of Nonaka and Takeuchi in 1995, till the algorithms developed to implement artificial intelligence in computers and complex systems are the results of evolution in the KM field. The intellectual capital in an organization is explained as a combination of intangible that include the workers’ knowledge, the ability to learn, adapt, relate to customers and suppliers, the business image, products, internal processes, innovation and development generate the change in the organization or generate future value, creating a competitive advantage according to the author Sanchez, Melián & Hormiga (2007), whose latest research corroborates the interrelation of the aforementioned elements with the author's research Todericiu & Serban (2015). In the research of Sanchez, Melián & Hormiga (2007), the composition of intellectual capital is defined in: Human, structural and relational, which generates the concept of intellectual capital joins to the resources theory, developed by the author Mhedhbi (2013), whose focal point considers that the company does not manifest itself through its activities in the creation of new assets or services, with tacit and explicit knowledge. Besides, the knowledge can be considered as an "epistemological evolution" (Honderich, 1995). In 2015, knowledge management reached a consensus in the scientific community according to the author Demchig (2015): "Deliberate systemic activities that manage the resources of the organization in a more efficient way to obtain improvements and achieve a better performance through availability, accessibility and effective use of knowledge; which allows companies to stimulate innovation, based on the client and intangible asset for business excellence” As a conclusion, the organizations that offer the spaces and invest in the effective use of knowledge, are the most innovative and present a wide differentiation (added value), with respect to others of the same category. The author Songsangyos (2012) presents knowledge in 2 categories: (i) Tacit knowledge, in which it is incorporated into people's minds and is acquired from 16/363 their own experiences, ii) explicit KM, allows to generate tacit in the form of reports such as books, CD-ROMs, information bases, among others. In this regard, I think that, by promoting the creation of explicit knowledge in students, based on their experiences, it will not only allow a more dynamic development of learning in institutions, however, it could endorse the expansion of more creative and prepared people solving-conflicts in society. Today, knowledge in organizations is reflected the sources of production, a sustainable (as competitive advantage); that adds importance to the organization in educational institutions. It is evident that there are situations that affect knowledge to prevent or enable treatment as information and not as knowledge; According with Rowley (2000) and Balderas (2009), both conclude about the Universities “are in the knowledge business, since they are involved in the creation of knowledge”, dissemination and learning, therefore and from technology development organizations to bureaucratic firms with monopolized markets with established fixed incomes, “must be full of successful examples and best practices, advancing learning and teaching, research” and consulting services through the origin of the knowledge “and application” of it. In the energy cluster organizations, the results could be “improved both in terms of efficiency” and quality, since they do not consider the requirements of society in its entirety. Likewise, they must be aware that they have strengths in certain areas and that they can be more efficient working as a team, promoting cooperative inter-institution work. Under this context, the author Demchig (2015) considers that organizational knowledge management is a young and new discipline in concept. “Therefore, studies and discussions about how to use knowledge management” are not limited according to the author Fullan (2001), where it seeks to improve the practice of the educational institution, from side to side improvements in the implementation of the curriculum. This thesis has allowed: - To present the theoretical foundation and experiences in knowledge management, limitations and methodologies. - To develop the knowledge management model in energy companies. - Validate the proposed model for energy companies. - Evaluate the knowledge management model for energy companies. One of the key rewards, is the holistic approach to optimize business performance to optimize the cost value and increase the effectiveness of actions and objectives. “The end result is greater than the sum” of the parts when you bring together information and operations technology, under the guidance of deep industry experience, being the model a force multiplier for organizations, looking to leverage their technology investments.
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Keywords
Empresas eléctricas--Gestión del conocimiento--Perú, Gestión del conocimiento--Modelos, Industrias de energía--Gestión del conocimiento--Perú