“Mi Compadre Nicolás” y “Son de los Diablos”: La transformación rítmica y sonora del ensamble de percusión afroperuano en la década de 1970
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2023-11-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El son de los diablos y el festejo son dos formas musicales afroperuanas presentes, no solo en
la escena musical limeña, sino también han logrado traspasar la barrera nacional.
Actualmente, el son de los diablos es conocido como un tipo de festejo, las primeras
apariciones de este datan de pinturas de Martínez Compañón en el siglo XVIII. Por su lado, el
festejo es uno de los géneros musicales afroperuanos más conocidos a nivel mundial. Lo que
más resalta de él es su riqueza musical, en especial en la percusión, y su danza. La presente
investigación está centrada en el análisis musical de los principales rasgos que caracterizaron
el proceso de transformación rítmico y sonoro del ensamble de percusión dentro de la música
afroperuana durante la década de 1970. Para tener una muestra significativa del análisis se
escogieron dos temas de los principales representantes de esta cultura, Nicomedes Santa Cruz
y Perú Negro: “Mi Compadre Nicolás” y “Son de los Diablos”. Santa Cruz conocido por su
trabajo dentro del renacimiento cultural afroperuano, y Perú Negro considerada la compañía
más representativa de folklore negro en el Perú. Como resultado, la percusión pasa de ser una
línea de acompañamiento a tener un protagonismo notorio dentro de la música afroperuana.
Todo esto debido a los cambios rítmicos, sonoros y al desarrollo del lenguaje musical que
lideró Perú Negro.
The son de los diablos and the festejo are two Afro-Peruvian musical forms that are present, not only in the music scene of Lima, but have also managed to cross the national barrier. Currently, the son de los diablos is known as a type of festejo, the first appearances of this date back to paintings by Martínez Compañón in the 18th century. For its part, the festejo is one of the best-known Afro-Peruvian musical genres worldwide. What stands out the most about it, is his musical richness, especially in percussion, and his dance. This research focuses on the musical analysis of the main features that characterized the process of rhythmic and sound transformation of the percussion ensemble within Afro-Peruvian music during the 1970s. To have a significant sample of the analysis, two themes of the main representatives of this culture, Nicomedes Santa Cruz and Perú Negro, were chosen: “Mi Compadre Nicolás” and “Son de los Diablos”. Santa Cruz known for his work within the Afro-Peruvian cultural revival, and Perú Negro considered the most representative company of Black folklore in Peru. As a result, percussion goes from being an accompaniment line to having a leading role in Afro-Peruvian music. All of this, due to the rhythmic and sound changes, besides the development of the musical language led by Perú Negro.
The son de los diablos and the festejo are two Afro-Peruvian musical forms that are present, not only in the music scene of Lima, but have also managed to cross the national barrier. Currently, the son de los diablos is known as a type of festejo, the first appearances of this date back to paintings by Martínez Compañón in the 18th century. For its part, the festejo is one of the best-known Afro-Peruvian musical genres worldwide. What stands out the most about it, is his musical richness, especially in percussion, and his dance. This research focuses on the musical analysis of the main features that characterized the process of rhythmic and sound transformation of the percussion ensemble within Afro-Peruvian music during the 1970s. To have a significant sample of the analysis, two themes of the main representatives of this culture, Nicomedes Santa Cruz and Perú Negro, were chosen: “Mi Compadre Nicolás” and “Son de los Diablos”. Santa Cruz known for his work within the Afro-Peruvian cultural revival, and Perú Negro considered the most representative company of Black folklore in Peru. As a result, percussion goes from being an accompaniment line to having a leading role in Afro-Peruvian music. All of this, due to the rhythmic and sound changes, besides the development of the musical language led by Perú Negro.
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Música afroperuana, Santa Cruz Gamarra, Nicomedes, 1925-1992, Análisis musical
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