Por una tutela específica de las obligaciones de hacer infungibles y de no hacer: Un estudio sobre la evolución histórica y comparada del nemo ad factum praecise cogi potest y su vigencia en el Código Civil peruano de 1984
No hay miniatura disponible
Fecha
2022-09-21
Autores
Título de la revista
ISSN de la revista
Título del volumen
Editor
Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
DOI
Resumen
El nemo ad factum praecise cogi potest es un viejo adagio de larga data, de origen medieval, y con amplia
influencia en la doctrina francesa civilista de los ochocientos de manera previa y posterior al Code
Civil de 1804. Dicho adagio fue clásicamente entendido como la incoercibilidad de las obligaciones
de hacer y de no hacer (con el consecuente remedio material de la indemnización de daños y
perjuicios) y la prohibición del uso de la violencia en la técnica de la ejecución forzada (que prohibía
el uso de las técnicas de ejecución directa sobre el cuerpo de la persona y técnicas de ejecución
indirecta como las astreintes), y ha tenido un impacto histórico sobre el numeral 1 de los artículos
1150 y 1158 del Código Civil peruano de 1984, a través de los Códigos Civiles argentino de 1871
y brasileño de 1916 que influenciaron a su antecedente directo (el artículo 1186 del Código Civil
peruano de 1936).
En la presente investigación, a través del estudio histórico y la actualidad del nemo ad factum en el
derecho francés y en las principales experiencias jurídicas y en los Modelos de Contratación
europeo, se busca demostrar que dicho adagio ha perdido su sentido original, no siendo
incompatible con la tutela específica de las obligaciones de hacer y no hacer infungibles ni con las
astreintes. Conjuntamente con ello, mediante un estudio del fenómeno de la despatrimonialización
del Derecho Civil y de las relaciones circulares entre derecho material y derecho procesal, se busca
deconstruir el entendimiento mayoritario de la doctrina civilista peruana sobre los numerales 1 de
los artículos 1150 y 1158, buscando una reinterpretación que apunte hacia una tutela específica de
las obligaciones de hacer y de no hacer infungibles como regla general. Asimismo, se pretende
descartar la prohibición del uso de las astreintes como supuesto de violencia que estaría prohibido
por el nemo ad factum praecise cogi potest.
Finalmente, se propone cuatro sentidos para entender la institución de la “ejecución forzada” en los
numerales 1 de los artículos 1150 y 1158 del CC peruano de 1984, para, posteriormente, optar por
el sentido interpretativo más adecuado que sería entender que estas normas jurídicas regulan tanto
el remedio material de la tutela específica para el incumplimiento de las obligaciones de hacer y de
no hacer infungibles como regla general y, además, la prohibición de la violencia a través de medios
ejecutivos directos sobre la persona del deudor en la “ejecución forzada”, entendida ésta como una
categoría doctrinaria y dogmática. Por lo tanto, sería una norma híbrida que regula aspectos
materiales y procesales.
The nemo ad factum praecise cogi potest is and old adage in legal history with a medieval origin, and with a wide influence on the XVIIIth Century French Private Law and also the jurisprudence after the birth of the Civile Code of 1804. That adage was understood, originally, as the impossibility to enforce obligations to do and not to do (with the consequent remedy of compensation for damages) and the proscription of the use of violence in the enforcement (that prohibited, originally, the use of enforcement means on the body of the person and indirect enforcement or coercive means such as astreintes), and has had a historical impact section 1150.1 and 1158.1 of the Peruvian Civil Code 3 of 1984, being that the Argentinian Civil Code of 1871 and Brazilian Civil Code of 1916 determined its direct antecedent (that is, the section 1186 of the Peruvian Civil Code of 1936). The present work, on the basis of a historical analysis and a study of the current legal context in French law and other legal systems, and the main European Contract Models, intends to demonstrate that adage nemo ad factum has lost its original meaning, neither being incompatible with the specific performance of obligations to do and not to do nor the astreintes. Together with that, on the basis of the awareness that just a monetary protection is not enough to get an appropriate performance of the rights in Private Law, and the circular relation between Private Law and Procedural Law, it is sought to deconstruct the understanding of a majority of the Peruvian Private Law jurisprudence about sections 1150.1 and 1158.1, searching for a reinterpretation that may be able to reach an specific performance of the obligations to do and not do as a general rule. Furthermore, it is intended to rule out the prohibition of the use of astreintes as a case of violence that would be covered by the nemo ad factum praecise cogi potest. Finally, it is proposed four interpretative meanings to understand the legal term “enforcement” in sections 1150.1 and 1158.1, and, as a result of this, it will be proposed the most appropriate meaning, that is, that the remedy for personal obligations to do and no to do’s breach is indeed the specific performance as a general rule and, also, the prohibition of violence through direct enforcement means on the person of the debtor in the enforcement, that understood as a doctrinal and dogmatic category. Therefore, it would be a hybrid legal rule that contains elements of Private Law and Procedural Law.
The nemo ad factum praecise cogi potest is and old adage in legal history with a medieval origin, and with a wide influence on the XVIIIth Century French Private Law and also the jurisprudence after the birth of the Civile Code of 1804. That adage was understood, originally, as the impossibility to enforce obligations to do and not to do (with the consequent remedy of compensation for damages) and the proscription of the use of violence in the enforcement (that prohibited, originally, the use of enforcement means on the body of the person and indirect enforcement or coercive means such as astreintes), and has had a historical impact section 1150.1 and 1158.1 of the Peruvian Civil Code 3 of 1984, being that the Argentinian Civil Code of 1871 and Brazilian Civil Code of 1916 determined its direct antecedent (that is, the section 1186 of the Peruvian Civil Code of 1936). The present work, on the basis of a historical analysis and a study of the current legal context in French law and other legal systems, and the main European Contract Models, intends to demonstrate that adage nemo ad factum has lost its original meaning, neither being incompatible with the specific performance of obligations to do and not to do nor the astreintes. Together with that, on the basis of the awareness that just a monetary protection is not enough to get an appropriate performance of the rights in Private Law, and the circular relation between Private Law and Procedural Law, it is sought to deconstruct the understanding of a majority of the Peruvian Private Law jurisprudence about sections 1150.1 and 1158.1, searching for a reinterpretation that may be able to reach an specific performance of the obligations to do and not do as a general rule. Furthermore, it is intended to rule out the prohibition of the use of astreintes as a case of violence that would be covered by the nemo ad factum praecise cogi potest. Finally, it is proposed four interpretative meanings to understand the legal term “enforcement” in sections 1150.1 and 1158.1, and, as a result of this, it will be proposed the most appropriate meaning, that is, that the remedy for personal obligations to do and no to do’s breach is indeed the specific performance as a general rule and, also, the prohibition of violence through direct enforcement means on the person of the debtor in the enforcement, that understood as a doctrinal and dogmatic category. Therefore, it would be a hybrid legal rule that contains elements of Private Law and Procedural Law.
Descripción
Palabras clave
Tutela, Derecho procesal civil, Obligaciones (Derecho)
Citación
Colecciones
item.page.endorsement
item.page.review
item.page.supplemented
item.page.referenced
Licencia Creative Commons
Excepto se indique lo contrario, la licencia de este artículo se describe como info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess