Un análisis de las intervenciones de paciente y terapeuta en los episodios de mentalización y su contribución a la complejización de la teoría subjetiva de dos mujeres en situación de violencia en el curso de una psicoterapia psicoanalítica focal
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2022-08-18
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Esta investigación busca analizar las intervenciones de paciente y terapeuta durante episodios de
mentalización y su contribución al cambio en la teoría subjetiva de dos mujeres en situación de violencia
de pareja. Para responder este objetivo, se propone un estudio de caso múltiple, empleando una metodología
cualitativa y emergente. La investigación se realizó a partir de las sesiones de psicoterapia transcritas y
audiograbadas de dos mujeres en situación de violencia de pareja y sus terapeutas. El modelo de trabajo fue
la Terapia Dinámica Interpersonal, propuesta de doce sesiones planteada por Lemma et al. (2011). En este
estudio se analizaron los dos episodios de mentalización que presentaban el mayor nivel de complejidad de
cada proceso. Estos tuvieron en común que fueron identificados en la fase final del proceso terapéutico y a
su vez que coincidían con episodios de cambio. Como hallazgos principales se encontró que, en su mayoría,
las pacientes dan cuenta de la presencia de una mentalización activa a partir de verbalizaciones que incluyen
asociaciones entre estados mentales. En los episodios de mentalización, ambas pacientes mencionan
experiencias de violencia temprana: no se trata de momentos afectivamente cargados, sino de
verbalizaciones que permiten notar cómo sus procesos de pensamiento actúan. Como parte del proceso, se
encontró que la identificación y reconocimiento de los estados mentales de las pacientes se complejiza. Por
otro lado, las intervenciones de los terapeutas que buscan establecer conexiones u asociaciones e identificar
patrones, que pueden ser consideradas como mentalizadoras, no son necesariamente recibidas por las
pacientes en el momento, pero permiten predisponer la aparición de posteriores procesos de mentalización.
Además, se encuentra que para sostener procesos de mentalización puede ser importante abordar la relación
con el terapeuta. Finalmente, se discuten elementos comunes sobre mentalización en pacientes en situación
de violencia.
This research seeks to analyze patient and therapist interventions during mentalization episodes and their contribution to change in the subjective patterns of two women in a situation of intimate partner violence. For this, a multiple case study is proposed, using a qualitative and emergent methodology. The research was based on the transcribed and audio-recorded psychotherapy sessions of two women in a situation of intimate partner violence and their therapists. The working model was Interpersonal Dynamic Therapy, a twelve-session proposal by Lemma et al. (2011). In this study, the two mentalization episodesthat presented the highest level of complexity during the process were analyzed. These had in common that they were identified in the final phase of the therapeutic process and that they coincided with episodes of change. As main findings, it was found that, for the most part, patients reported the presence of active mentalization based on verbalizations that included associations between mental states. In the mentalization episodes, both patients mention experiences of early violence: these are not affectively charged moments, but verbalizations that allow noticing how their thought processes act. As part of the process, it was found that the identification and recognition of the patients' mental states becomes more complex. On the other hand, therapists' interventions that seek to establish connections or associations and identify patterns, which can be considered as mentalizing, are not necessarily received by the patients at the moment, but allow predisposing the appearance of later mentalizing processes. In addition, it is found that in order to sustain mentalizing processes it may be important to address the relationship with the therapist. Finally, common elements on mentalization in patients in a situation of violence are discussed.
This research seeks to analyze patient and therapist interventions during mentalization episodes and their contribution to change in the subjective patterns of two women in a situation of intimate partner violence. For this, a multiple case study is proposed, using a qualitative and emergent methodology. The research was based on the transcribed and audio-recorded psychotherapy sessions of two women in a situation of intimate partner violence and their therapists. The working model was Interpersonal Dynamic Therapy, a twelve-session proposal by Lemma et al. (2011). In this study, the two mentalization episodesthat presented the highest level of complexity during the process were analyzed. These had in common that they were identified in the final phase of the therapeutic process and that they coincided with episodes of change. As main findings, it was found that, for the most part, patients reported the presence of active mentalization based on verbalizations that included associations between mental states. In the mentalization episodes, both patients mention experiences of early violence: these are not affectively charged moments, but verbalizations that allow noticing how their thought processes act. As part of the process, it was found that the identification and recognition of the patients' mental states becomes more complex. On the other hand, therapists' interventions that seek to establish connections or associations and identify patterns, which can be considered as mentalizing, are not necessarily received by the patients at the moment, but allow predisposing the appearance of later mentalizing processes. In addition, it is found that in order to sustain mentalizing processes it may be important to address the relationship with the therapist. Finally, common elements on mentalization in patients in a situation of violence are discussed.
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Terapia basada en la mentalización, Psicoterapia, Terapeutas y pacientes, Violencia contra la mujer