Cambios en la experiencia subjetiva de la temporalidad a partir de las variaciones en la narrativa de un evento de violencia: un análisis desde los relatos de una paciente en el contexto de una psicoterapia psicoanalítica focal
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2019-04-29
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Los estudios en psicoterapia han encontrado que los procesos de cambio psíquico pueden identificarse a partir de momentos de cambio que resultan significativos para que el paciente construya nuevos significados sobre la propia experiencia (Krause, 2005). En estos cambios psíquicos se destaca la importancia de una experiencia subjetiva de la temporalidad que permita vincular con mayor organización y apertura las diferentes dimensiones de la propia experiencia en el mundo (Loewald, 1972). Además, se sostiene que el proceso de construir una narrativa es un vehículo importante para la manifestación de dicha experiencia temporal (Bamberg, 2012). En este marco, el presente estudio busca analizar los cambios en la experiencia subjetiva de la temporalidad a través de las variaciones narrativas de un evento de violencia realizadas por una paciente a lo largo de un proceso de psicoterapia psicoanalítica breve. Para ello, se emplea un caso único sistematizado de un proceso de doce sesiones de un terapeuta y una paciente mujer que se encuentra en una situación de violencia de pareja. Se utilizan herramientas del análisis narrativo para profundizar en la experiencia subjetiva temporal subyacente al proceso de narrar y re-narrar un evento de violencia. Los resultados de este estudio encuentran que la experiencia temporal varía a lo largo del proceso en términos de organización, coherencia y flexibilidad en el relato de la historia de violencia. Además, las funciones de la experiencia temporal permiten una transformación en la perspectiva que la paciente asume frente a una situación atribuida inicialmente al pasado, lo que permite un cambio en la manera de concebirse a sí misma no sólo frente a dicha experiencia sino también en el presente. Se discuten las implicancias de la experiencia subjetiva de la temporalidad en relación la construcción de un sí mismo, el proceso de historización, los afectos y la experiencia de violencia a partir de una lectura psicoanalítica.
Studies in psychotherapy have found that processes of psychic change can be identified from moments of change that are significant for the patient to build new meanings about their own experience (Krause, 2005). In these psychic changes the importance of a subjective experience of temporality is highlighted, which allows to link with greater organization and openness the different dimensions of one's own experience in the world (Loewald, 1972). In addition, it is argued that the process of constructing a narrative is an important vehicle for the manifestation of such temporal experience (Bamberg, 2012). In this framework, the present study seeks to analyze the changes in the subjective experience of temporality through the narrative variations of an event of violence performed by a patient throughout a process of brief psychoanalytic psychotherapy. For this, a systematized single case was used, of twelve session of a therapist and a female patient who is in a situation of partner violence. Narrative analysis tools were used to deepen the subjective temporal experience underlying the process of narrating and re-narrating an event of violence. The results of this study find that the temporal experience varies throughout the process in terms of organization, coherence and flexibility in the story of the history of violence. In addition, the functions of temporal experience allow a transformation in the perspective that the patient assumes in front of a situation attributed initially to the past, which allows a change in the way of conceiving itself not only in front of that experience but also in the present. The implications of the subjective experience of temporality in relation to the construction of a self, the process of historicization, affects and the experience of violence from a psychoanalytic reading are discussed.
Studies in psychotherapy have found that processes of psychic change can be identified from moments of change that are significant for the patient to build new meanings about their own experience (Krause, 2005). In these psychic changes the importance of a subjective experience of temporality is highlighted, which allows to link with greater organization and openness the different dimensions of one's own experience in the world (Loewald, 1972). In addition, it is argued that the process of constructing a narrative is an important vehicle for the manifestation of such temporal experience (Bamberg, 2012). In this framework, the present study seeks to analyze the changes in the subjective experience of temporality through the narrative variations of an event of violence performed by a patient throughout a process of brief psychoanalytic psychotherapy. For this, a systematized single case was used, of twelve session of a therapist and a female patient who is in a situation of partner violence. Narrative analysis tools were used to deepen the subjective temporal experience underlying the process of narrating and re-narrating an event of violence. The results of this study find that the temporal experience varies throughout the process in terms of organization, coherence and flexibility in the story of the history of violence. In addition, the functions of temporal experience allow a transformation in the perspective that the patient assumes in front of a situation attributed initially to the past, which allows a change in the way of conceiving itself not only in front of that experience but also in the present. The implications of the subjective experience of temporality in relation to the construction of a self, the process of historicization, affects and the experience of violence from a psychoanalytic reading are discussed.
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Psicoterapia breve, Psicoterapia experiencial, Cambio (Psicología)