Nuevas TIC en los Andes Peruanos. Usos económicos y políticos del internet y el celular en la comunidad de Yanque en el valle del Colca (Caylloma, Arequipa)
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2019-09-25
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Esta tesis trata sobre los usos económicos y políticos que las familias de poder
y las autoridades locales de la comunidad de Yanque en el Valle del Colca
(provincia de Caylloma, departamento de Arequipa) realizan del Internet y el
celular (nuevas tecnologías de información y comunicación o nuevas TIC) en
los Andes peruanos actuales. El argumento central es que usan el Internet y el
celular para coordinar la producción y la comercialización agrícola desde la
casa, la chacra y la plaza (usos económicos de las nuevas TIC en la
agricultura), para coordinar con sus redes de servicio turístico y reducir los
intermediarios turísticos (usos económicos de las nuevas TIC en el turismo), y
para registrar el prestigio social y construir representación política-legal (usos
políticos de las nuevas TIC en las labores, rituales y fiestas, y en otros trabajos
comunales). El Internet y el celular, muy lejos de desintegrar la sociedad
estratificada y la tradicional cultura local yanqueñas, funcionan como vehículos
para reafirmar y reforzar su vigencia, para reproducirla, porque quienes usan
las nuevas TIC para adaptarse a nuevos escenarios económicos y para
mantenerse en escenarios políticos son aquellos que ya tienen acumulado
distintas formas de poder (dinero, tierras, objetos y conocimientos religiosos,
títulos educativos). Es de una forma indirecta que el uso del Internet y el celular
por los grupos privilegiados de Yanque ha permitido remarcar la diferenciación,
distinción e inequidades sociales en un pueblo con una minoría que ha
concentrado, por muchísimo tiempo, todo tipo de riquezas y sus beneficios.
La presente tesis se encuentra dividida en siete capítulos. En el primer capítulo,
se presenta el estudio: el problema de investigación y el diseño metodológico.
En el segundo capítulo, se presenta los fundamentos teóricos y un balance
bibliográfico sobre las nuevas TIC en los Andes peruanos. En el tercer capítulo,
se ha reconstruido el panorama social actual de Yanque a partir de las
transformaciones recientes que la comunidad ha experimentado a partir del
origen de una nueva ruralidad, proceso donde la actividad agrícola, y lo que
viene con ella, comienza a disminuir en detrimento de la actividad turística. En
el cuarto capítulo, se contextualiza las condiciones de acceso y la capacitación
técnica que tiene la comunidad de Yanque y los yanqueños en el contexto de
las dinámicas rurales del Internet y el celular. En el quinto y el sexto capítulo, se analiza, respectivamente, los usos económicos y políticos de las nuevas TIC
en Yanque. Finalmente, en el séptimo capítulo, se discuten los hallazgos y
exponen las conclusiones dentro de un panorama más amplio de Estudios
Andinos y Antropología Digital.
This thesis talks about the economic and political uses that the power families and the local authorities of the community of Yanque in the Colca Valley (province of Caylloma, department of Arequipa) make of the Internet and the cell phone (new information and communication technologies or new ICTs) in the current Peruvian Andes. The main argument is that they use the Internet and the cell phone to coordinate agricultural production and commercialization from home, the farm and the plaza (economic uses of new ICTs in agriculture), to coordinate with their tourist service networks and reduce tourist intermediaries (economic uses of new ICT in tourism), and to register social prestige and build political-legal representation (political uses of the new ICT in work, rituals and festivities, and in other community work). The Internet and the cell phone, far from disintegrating the stratified society and the traditional local culture of Yanque, function as vehicles to reaffirm and reinforce its validity, to reproduce it, because those who use the new ICTs to adapt themselves to new economic scenarios and to stay in scenarios Politicians are those who already have accumulated different forms of power (money, lands, objects and religious knowledge, educational titles). It is in an indirect way that the use of the Internet and the cell phone by the privileged groups of Yanque has made it possible to highlight the differentiation, distinction and social inequities in a town with a minority that has concentrated, for a very long time, all kinds of wealth and its benefits. This thesis is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter, the study is presented: the research problem and the methodological design. In the second chapter, the theoretical foundations and a bibliographic balance on the new ICTs in the Peruvian Andes are presented. In the third chapter, the current social context of Yanque has been reconstructed from the recent transformations that the community has experienced from the origin of a new rurality, a process where agricultural activity, and what comes with it, begins to diminish to the detriment of tourist activity. In the fourth chapter, the conditions of access and the technical training that the community of Yanque and its people have in the context of the rural dynamics of the Internet and the cellphone are contextualized. In the fifth and the sixth chapter, the economic and political uses of the new ICTs in Yanque are analyzed, respectively. Finally, in the seventh chapter, the findings are discussed and the conclusions are presented within a broader panorama of Andean Studies and Digital Anthropology.
This thesis talks about the economic and political uses that the power families and the local authorities of the community of Yanque in the Colca Valley (province of Caylloma, department of Arequipa) make of the Internet and the cell phone (new information and communication technologies or new ICTs) in the current Peruvian Andes. The main argument is that they use the Internet and the cell phone to coordinate agricultural production and commercialization from home, the farm and the plaza (economic uses of new ICTs in agriculture), to coordinate with their tourist service networks and reduce tourist intermediaries (economic uses of new ICT in tourism), and to register social prestige and build political-legal representation (political uses of the new ICT in work, rituals and festivities, and in other community work). The Internet and the cell phone, far from disintegrating the stratified society and the traditional local culture of Yanque, function as vehicles to reaffirm and reinforce its validity, to reproduce it, because those who use the new ICTs to adapt themselves to new economic scenarios and to stay in scenarios Politicians are those who already have accumulated different forms of power (money, lands, objects and religious knowledge, educational titles). It is in an indirect way that the use of the Internet and the cell phone by the privileged groups of Yanque has made it possible to highlight the differentiation, distinction and social inequities in a town with a minority that has concentrated, for a very long time, all kinds of wealth and its benefits. This thesis is divided into seven chapters. In the first chapter, the study is presented: the research problem and the methodological design. In the second chapter, the theoretical foundations and a bibliographic balance on the new ICTs in the Peruvian Andes are presented. In the third chapter, the current social context of Yanque has been reconstructed from the recent transformations that the community has experienced from the origin of a new rurality, a process where agricultural activity, and what comes with it, begins to diminish to the detriment of tourist activity. In the fourth chapter, the conditions of access and the technical training that the community of Yanque and its people have in the context of the rural dynamics of the Internet and the cellphone are contextualized. In the fifth and the sixth chapter, the economic and political uses of the new ICTs in Yanque are analyzed, respectively. Finally, in the seventh chapter, the findings are discussed and the conclusions are presented within a broader panorama of Andean Studies and Digital Anthropology.
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Tecnología de la información--Aspectos económicos--Perú--Colca, Valle, Tecnología de la información--Aspectos políticos--Perú--Colca, Valle, Élite (Ciencias sociales)--Perú--Colca, Valle, Estratificación social--Perú--Colca, Valle
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