Estado del arte: estrategias para la atención educativa de niños con TEA en aulas regulares
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Date
2022-09-24
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente Estado del Arte aborda el tema de las estrategias para la atención
educativa de niños con trastorno del espectro autista en aulas regulares según una
amplia revisión de autores. Tiene el objetivo de describir las estrategias pertinentes
para compensar las dificultades que presentan los estudiantes diagnosticados con
este trastorno y, de esta forma, promover su aprendizaje e inclusión. La metodología
corresponde a un estudio documental y la bibliografía seleccionada presenta las
siguientes características. En primer lugar, se consideran documentos publicados
entre los años 2000 y 2020. En relación al tipo de publicaciones, se toman en cuenta
artículos provenientes de revistas, guías, tesis y un libro. A su vez, los documentos
están escritos en español y en inglés. Con respecto a la estructura, el trabajo está
conformado por tres apartados. En el primero, se presentan las estrategias para
desarrollar la comunicación y el lenguaje en los estudiantes con autismo. En el
segundo, se describen las relacionadas al trabajo de la conducta y las habilidades
sociales. Y, en un tercer apartado, se desarrollan las estrategias para favorecer la
organización, flexibilidad y la sensibilidad de estos niños. Al finalizar el Estado del Arte,
se concluye que se requiere una actualización de las estrategias a raíz de los nuevos
estudios sobre el TEA publicados en el DSM-V. Además, se determina que el uso de
pictogramas es una de las estrategias más recurrentes y que el involucramiento de
los agentes educativos permite la construcción de un entorno para el trabajo efectivo
de la conducta y de las habilidades sociales en estos niños. Por último, se destaca el
aporte de la presente investigación a la formación de los docentes, pues contribuye
en sus estrategias de intervención.
This State of the Art addresses the issue of strategies for the educational care of children with autism spectrum disorder in regular classrooms according to a wide review of authors. It aims to describe the relevant strategies to compensate for the difficulties presented by students diagnosed with this disorder and, in this way, to promote their learning and inclusion. The methodology corresponds to a documentary study and the selected bibliography has the following characteristics. Firstly, documents published between 2000 and 2020 are considered. In relation to the type of publications, articles from journals, guides, theses and a book are taken into account. In turn, the documents are written in Spanish and English. With regard to the structure, the work is made up of three sections. In the first one, strategies to develop communication and language in students with autism are presented. In the second one, the strategies related to behavioural work and social skills are described. In the third section, the strategies to favour the organisation, flexibility and sensitivity of these children are developed. At the end of the State of the Art, it is concluded that an update of the strategies is required as a result of the new studies on ASD published in the DSM-V. Furthermore, it is determined that the use of pictograms is one of the recurrent strategies and that the involvement of educational agents allows the construction of an environment for the effective work of behaviour and social skills in these children. Finally, the contribution of this research to the training of teachers is highlighted, as it contributes to their intervention strategies.
This State of the Art addresses the issue of strategies for the educational care of children with autism spectrum disorder in regular classrooms according to a wide review of authors. It aims to describe the relevant strategies to compensate for the difficulties presented by students diagnosed with this disorder and, in this way, to promote their learning and inclusion. The methodology corresponds to a documentary study and the selected bibliography has the following characteristics. Firstly, documents published between 2000 and 2020 are considered. In relation to the type of publications, articles from journals, guides, theses and a book are taken into account. In turn, the documents are written in Spanish and English. With regard to the structure, the work is made up of three sections. In the first one, strategies to develop communication and language in students with autism are presented. In the second one, the strategies related to behavioural work and social skills are described. In the third section, the strategies to favour the organisation, flexibility and sensitivity of these children are developed. At the end of the State of the Art, it is concluded that an update of the strategies is required as a result of the new studies on ASD published in the DSM-V. Furthermore, it is determined that the use of pictograms is one of the recurrent strategies and that the involvement of educational agents allows the construction of an environment for the effective work of behaviour and social skills in these children. Finally, the contribution of this research to the training of teachers is highlighted, as it contributes to their intervention strategies.
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Keywords
Autismo infantil--Educación, Educación inclusiva--Perú, Autismo--Aspectos sociales, Habilidades sociales
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