Estudio de caso de una niña de 4 años, 1 mes con trastorno de lenguaje
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2021-06-10
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El lenguaje es una de las capacidades humanas más complejas, que permite al ser humano aprender y
socializar con sus semejantes. Sin embargo, es frecuente observar que durante las primeras etapas de
desarrollo del niño surgen dificultades como un inicio tardío o un retraso de lenguaje, lo que en algunas
oportunidades conlleva a un trastorno de lenguaje, caracterizándose por dificultades de acceso al léxico,
estructura gramatical limitada y la afectación del discurso, repercutiendo a nivel social, emocional y cognitivo.
El objetivo del estudio de caso es diseñar un plan de evaluación e intervención, basados en las necesidades
de una niña de 4 años 1 mes con una presunción diagnóstica de Trastorno de lenguaje; evidenciando un
desfase importante de su perfil lingüístico en todos los componentes de lenguaje con respecto a su edad
cronológica, afectando además ambos procesos, tanto comprensivo como expresivo. Se propone sesiones
basadas en actividades lúdicas y contextualizadas, propiciando la experiencia directa y la manipulación de
material concreto, tomando como referencia las necesidades e intereses de la niña. Los resultados evidencian
un incremento de vocabulario expresivo y comprensivo referido a las categorías programadas. Además, el
seguir instrucciones simples en relación a una acción más un objeto. Responder a preguntas cerradas con los
encabezadores “qué” y “quién”; estructurar oraciones simples del tipo sujeto + verbo +objeto; permitiendo
incrementar su longitud media del enunciado; con el apoyo de imágenes. Se concluye que el plan de
intervención aplicado, permitió a la niña mostrar avances en los componentes priorizados, léxico semántico y
morfosintáctico.
The language is one of the most complex human capacities, wich allows human beings to learn and socialize with their peers. However, it is common to observe that during the early stages of the child´s development difficulties arise such as a late onset or a language delay, wich sometimes leads to a language disorder, characterized by difficulties in accessing the lexicon, limited grammatical structure and impaired speech, affecting on a social, emotional and cognitive level. The objective of the case study is to design an evaluation and intervention plan, based on the needs of a 4 years old girl one month with a presumptive diagnosis of language disorder; evidence of a significant gap in their chronological age, also affecting both processes, both comprehensive and expressive. It is proposed sessions based on playful and contextualized activities are proposed, fostering experience and the manipulation of concrete material, taking as a reference the needs and interests of the girl. The results show and increase in expressive and comprehensive vocabulary referred to the programmed categories. Also, following simple instructions in relation to an action plus and object. Answer closed questions with “what” and “who” headings, structure simple sentences of the subject + verb + object type; allowing to increase the average length of the sentence, with the support of images. It is concluded that the intervention plan applied allowed the girl to show progress in the prioritized components, lexicon semantic and morphsyntactic.
The language is one of the most complex human capacities, wich allows human beings to learn and socialize with their peers. However, it is common to observe that during the early stages of the child´s development difficulties arise such as a late onset or a language delay, wich sometimes leads to a language disorder, characterized by difficulties in accessing the lexicon, limited grammatical structure and impaired speech, affecting on a social, emotional and cognitive level. The objective of the case study is to design an evaluation and intervention plan, based on the needs of a 4 years old girl one month with a presumptive diagnosis of language disorder; evidence of a significant gap in their chronological age, also affecting both processes, both comprehensive and expressive. It is proposed sessions based on playful and contextualized activities are proposed, fostering experience and the manipulation of concrete material, taking as a reference the needs and interests of the girl. The results show and increase in expressive and comprehensive vocabulary referred to the programmed categories. Also, following simple instructions in relation to an action plus and object. Answer closed questions with “what” and “who” headings, structure simple sentences of the subject + verb + object type; allowing to increase the average length of the sentence, with the support of images. It is concluded that the intervention plan applied allowed the girl to show progress in the prioritized components, lexicon semantic and morphsyntactic.
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Trastornos del habla en niños, Niños--Lenguaje