Agencia personal y estereotipos de roles de género en un grupo de mujeres microempresarias
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2013-06-26
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El objetivo del presente estudio fue describir la agencia personal y los estereotipos de roles de género, así como la posible relación entre estas variables, en un grupo de mujeres microempresarias (N=100) de la ciudad de Lima Metropolitana. Para lo cual, se aplicaron dos escalas: la Escala para Medir Agencia Personal y Empoderamiento (ESAGE) y la Escala de Estereotipos de Roles Sexuales (SRSS, por sus siglas en inglés).
Los resultados muestran que el grupo de estudio cuenta con un nivel de agencia personal medio. En cuanto a los estereotipos de roles de género, se encontró que las mujeres participantes atribuyen características tanto masculinas como femeninas a las mujeres, empero los roles atribuidos a los hombres siguen siendo los, tradicionalmente, estereotipados. Además, se observó que altos puntajes de agencia personal se relacionan con las mujeres cuyos puntajes describen percepciones de roles de género, tradicionalmente, menos estereotipadas. Asimismo, se buscó comprender la relación entre los constructos y la edad de las microempresarias, resultando significativo que el grupo de mujeres de mayor edad (41 a 55 años) atribuye características menos estereotipadas a los hombres.
This paper aims at describing the personal agency and the gender-role stereotypes, as well as the possible existing interrelations of these two variables, in a group of businesswomen (100) working for small enterprises in the Municipality of Lima (Peru). To do so, two measurement scales were implemented: the Scale for the Measurement of the Personal Agency and Empowerment (ESAGE, for its initials in Spanish) and the Sex Role Stereotype Scale (SRSS). Results show that women have a medium-sized personal agency. In relation with gender-role stereotypes, it was found that both male and female characteristics are ascribe to women but only those traditionally stereotyped roles were ascribe to men. At the same time high levels of personal agency were especially found amongst those women whose gender role perception levels were, traditionally, less stereotyped. Furthermore, trying to understand the relation between the constructs and the age of the businesswomen, it was noticed that women aged between 41 and 55 years old ascribe less stereotyped characteristics to men.
This paper aims at describing the personal agency and the gender-role stereotypes, as well as the possible existing interrelations of these two variables, in a group of businesswomen (100) working for small enterprises in the Municipality of Lima (Peru). To do so, two measurement scales were implemented: the Scale for the Measurement of the Personal Agency and Empowerment (ESAGE, for its initials in Spanish) and the Sex Role Stereotype Scale (SRSS). Results show that women have a medium-sized personal agency. In relation with gender-role stereotypes, it was found that both male and female characteristics are ascribe to women but only those traditionally stereotyped roles were ascribe to men. At the same time high levels of personal agency were especially found amongst those women whose gender role perception levels were, traditionally, less stereotyped. Furthermore, trying to understand the relation between the constructs and the age of the businesswomen, it was noticed that women aged between 41 and 55 years old ascribe less stereotyped characteristics to men.
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Psicología positiva, Mujeres, Autonomía, Género--Investigaciones, Pequeñas empresas
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