Estudio de caso de un niño de 4 años 1 mes con dificultades en los componentes léxico semántico y fonético fonológico del lenguaje
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Resumen
El lenguaje es la capacidad inherente al ser humano, que establece canales de comunicación a través de
diversos sistemas de signos, permitiéndole expresar y comprender varios mensajes. Actualmente, es común
recurrir al uso del término problemas de lenguaje al observar algún tipo de desfase, en este proceso existen
factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos que pueden impactar favorable o desfavorablemente en la capacidad de
aprendizaje del mismo. No obstante; se observa muchos niños en edad escolar que presentan dificultades en
el desarrollo del lenguaje, por ello se hace indispensable la detección e intervención especializada. El objetivo
del presente estudio de caso es diseñar un plan de valoración e intervención acorde a las necesidades que
presenta un niño de 4 años 1 mes con dificultades en los componentes léxico semántico y fonético fonológico.
Se sigue un modelo de intervención híbrido utilizando acciones enmarcadas tanto en la respuesta del niño,
como en la facilitación de modelos adecuados. Los resultados evidencian un incremento de vocabulario
expresivo como comprensivo referido a las categorías programadas, así como en sus habilidades de
comprensión a partir del seguimiento de instrucciones. Asimismo, se observaron progresos en la comprensión
preguntas con los encabezadores ¿qué?, ¿de quién?, ¿con quién?, ¿con quiénes?, en sus diálogos, así como
en la estructura de las sílabas y palabras con coda silábica /n/. Se concluye que el plan de intervención
favoreció al niño mostrando importantes avances en los componentes programados, permitiéndole de esta
manera una mejor interacción con su medio familiar, escolar y social.
Language is the inherent capacity of the human being, which establishes communication channels through various systems of signs, allowing him to express and understand various messages. Currently, it is common to resort to the use of the term language problems when observing some type of lag, in this process there are intrinsic and extrinsic factors that can impact favorably or unfavorably on the learning capacity of the same. However; many school-age children are observed to have difficulties in language development, which is why detection and specialized intervention is essential. The objective of this case study is to design an assessment and intervention plan according to the needs of a 4-year-old child 1 month with difficulties in the semantic and phonetic phonetic components. Likewise, progress was observed in the understanding of questions with the headers "what?, from whom?, with whom?", with whom?, in their dialogues, as well as in the structure of syllables and words with syllabic coda /n/. It is concluded that the intervention plan favored the child showing important advances in the programmed components, thus allowing him a better interaction with his family, school and social environment.
Language is the inherent capacity of the human being, which establishes communication channels through various systems of signs, allowing him to express and understand various messages. Currently, it is common to resort to the use of the term language problems when observing some type of lag, in this process there are intrinsic and extrinsic factors that can impact favorably or unfavorably on the learning capacity of the same. However; many school-age children are observed to have difficulties in language development, which is why detection and specialized intervention is essential. The objective of this case study is to design an assessment and intervention plan according to the needs of a 4-year-old child 1 month with difficulties in the semantic and phonetic phonetic components. Likewise, progress was observed in the understanding of questions with the headers "what?, from whom?, with whom?", with whom?, in their dialogues, as well as in the structure of syllables and words with syllabic coda /n/. It is concluded that the intervention plan favored the child showing important advances in the programmed components, thus allowing him a better interaction with his family, school and social environment.