Patrones de competencia y su efecto en los precios de los medicamentos de patente expirada en México: el caso de los antibióticos (2014-2015)
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2018-06-12
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial
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El mercado farmacéutico de patente expirada tiene un comportamiento interesante respecto a su estructura mercado, cambiando de una estructura monopólica derivada de la protección de patente a un oligopolio, donde la empresa que tenía dicha protección (pionera) ostenta el rol de dominante mediante en un juego a la Stackelberg, la cual aplica estrategias de diferenciación de producto en un mercado segmentado, el cual es poco sensible a los precios y que conserva una cuota no despreciable. En este sentido, otras empresas que fabrican genéricos con una marca comercial, penetran el mercado con una estrategia similar a la dominante, aunque con precios menores. Esto se debe al prestigio y posicionamiento competitivo del producto con reciente expiración. Consecuentemente, se ofertan productos poco diferenciados que compiten por precios económicos, los cuales obtienen una penetración de mercado considerable en un segmento sensible a los precios. Este comportamiento explica la variación de precios de medicamentos. Las estrategias que destacan son las dosificaciones, el prestigio del producto por medio de una marca y la línea de presentaciones, buscando un comportamiento de precios imperfecto y semejante a la paradoja de los genéricos, donde la política pública tiene capacidad para disminuir dichas fluctuaciones en la búsqueda de opciones económicas para la población.
The expired patent pharmaceutical market has an interesting behavior with respect to its market structure, changing from a monopolistic case derived from patent protection to an oligopoly, where the company that had such protection (pioneer) holds the dominant role through a Stackelberg behavior, which applies strategies of product differentiation in a segmented market, which is not very sensitive to change in prices and which retains a non-negligible share. In this sense, other companies that manufacture generics with a commercial brand, penetrate the market with a similar strategy with differentiated products and lower prices. This is due to the prestige and competitive positioning of the product with recent expiration. Consequently, little differentiated products are offered that compete for economic prices, which obtain a considerable market penetration in a price-sensitive segment. This behavior explains the variation in drug prices. The strategies that stand out are the dosages, the prestige of the product through a brand and the line of presentations, looking for imperfect price behavior and similar to the generic paradox, where public policy has the capacity to reduce such fluctuations in the search for economic options for the population.
The expired patent pharmaceutical market has an interesting behavior with respect to its market structure, changing from a monopolistic case derived from patent protection to an oligopoly, where the company that had such protection (pioneer) holds the dominant role through a Stackelberg behavior, which applies strategies of product differentiation in a segmented market, which is not very sensitive to change in prices and which retains a non-negligible share. In this sense, other companies that manufacture generics with a commercial brand, penetrate the market with a similar strategy with differentiated products and lower prices. This is due to the prestige and competitive positioning of the product with recent expiration. Consequently, little differentiated products are offered that compete for economic prices, which obtain a considerable market penetration in a price-sensitive segment. This behavior explains the variation in drug prices. The strategies that stand out are the dosages, the prestige of the product through a brand and the line of presentations, looking for imperfect price behavior and similar to the generic paradox, where public policy has the capacity to reduce such fluctuations in the search for economic options for the population.
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Market structure, Oligopoly, Pricing, Medicamentos
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