Espacio y Desarrollo
URI permanente para esta comunidadhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/175304
ISSN: 1016-9148
La Revista Espacio y Desarrollo es la revista académica del Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada (CIGA) de la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, que se publica ininterrumpidamente desde 1989 en forma impresa, y a partir de 2009 también en forma electrónica.
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Ítem Texto completo enlazado Presentación(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-09-21) Tavares Corrêa, Carlos; Delgado-Pease, SantiagoNo presenta resumen.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Un bosque urbano en el desierto: conservación de la biodiversidad en Lima, Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-14) Orellana Asenjo, Giancarlo Jeremy; Gamarra Bustamante, Julio André; Móstiga Rodríguez, Maricel Jadith; Morales Moquillaza, Luisa Grisell; Bulnes Soriano, Carlos Fernando; Yancce Velarde, Rocío YovanaThe conservation of urban forests is a fundamental strategy to achieve sustainability and human well-being in the context of accelerated global urbanization. Lima, a megacity located in the desert, does not have the green infrastructure necessary to face its multiple problems. Therefore, the Project “Centro de la Diversidad Natural y Cultural del Perú” is being developed in the “Vivero Forestal” of the Universidad Nacional Agraria La Molina (UNALM) to be the main sample of the peruvian floristic and cultural richness. The aim of this study is to evidence the biodiversity conservation in the urban forest Vivero Forestal. We generated a census of trees, palms and some shrubs and herbaceous plants and a bibliographic review to identify the species of wild fauna. Furthermore, native species were identified according to their natural distribution and those that were threatened. The urban forest Vivero Forestal hosts in its 25 hectares 5 898 healthy individuals (78 forest species; 31 botanical families). 25% of the individuals are threatened (11 species). In addition, this urban forest has 32 native forest species of Peru (10 from the coast, seven from the highlands, and 15 from the rainforest). The Vivero Forestal is the habitat of species of fauna mainly of the coast: 66 birds (three threatened); one amphibian; four bats; one rodent and four reptiles (two threatened). Our study highlights this urban forest as the most biodiversity space in Lima; identifying the potential to become a Botanical Forest Park.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Microplásticos en sedimentos fluviales en la cuenca baja del río Rímac, Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-14) Huanaco Huamán, Raúl; Gamboa Fuentes, Nadia RosaMicroplastics are present in the environment, especially in aquatic ecosystems, and are of priority interest due to their level of risk. This problem arises from poorly managed plastic waste which mostly ends up in dumps, rivers, lakes, and oceans, generating microplastics through physical and chemical degradation. Likewise, the discharges of domestic and industrial effluents increase the presence of microplastics in rivers. This research is the first study on microplastics developed in the lower basin of the Rímac river in the years 2017 and 2018 in the Lima region, Peru.The results show 97 microplastic particles collected in November 2017 and 2982 microplastic particles in August 2018. The predominant forms of microplastics correspond to fragments, films, filaments, and spherules. Microplastics present in sediments are associated with solid wastes found in the riverbed and the discharge of effluents into the river. These results are worrying because the Rimac river would be contaminated by microplastics, moreover knowing that this river is an important source of freshwater for the different activities in the great city of Metropolitan Lima.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Estimando y contrastando la extensión de las formaciones vegetales microtermales del Perú de inicios del siglo XX(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-14) Zelada Gárate, Humberto; Reynel-Rodríguez, Carlos AugustoAugusto Weberbauer published, in 1922, the first vegetation map of Peru, where he showed and described twenty-five plant formations, grouped into six categories, considering altitudinal ranges defined according to their temperature. Within these categories are the microthermal formations that are generally found above 3400 masl and have a wide latitudinal distribution throughout the Peruvian Andes. To revalue that historical map, we present, firstly, the results of digitalization and estimation of extension of the four microthermal vegetation formations identified by Weberbauer, and secondly, the findings of cartographic contrasting between these microthermal formations, and the high Andean vegetation covers as classified in the most updated map on this subject. Weberbauer mapped an area of 183.445,30 km² for the four microthermal vegetation formations: typical high Andean formations (61,67%); microthermal herbaceous steppe (17,93%); microthermal tolar (17,47%); glaciers and perpetual snow (2,93%). Likewise, a cartographic comparison showed that 63,92% of the territory currently occupied by high Andean vegetation cover in Peru is coincident with that mapped by Weberbauer as microthermal vegetation formations. These results contribute to the understanding of the evolution of these formations, which are under climate change and anthropogenic pressures.Ítem Texto completo enlazado ¿Cuál es el efecto del rol de las mujeres rurales sobre la adecuada cloración del agua? Evidencia para el caso peruano(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-12-14) Sotelo Tornero, Marisela; Arias Callupe, WaldirThis research analyzes the relevance of the role of rural women in ensuring proper water chlorination, taking into account an evaluation at the national rural level, as well as the differences between the concentrated and dispersed population centers. Specifically, this study focuses its analysis on those population centers with under 2000 inhabitants that are supplied with water and sewerage services by a rural service provider known as a communal organization in Peru. Based on a review of the literature, it is suggested that the low female participation in these communal organizations is one of the factors contributing to the persistently low rate of water suitable for human consumption. To conduct this study, data were collected from the Diagnóstico sobre el abastecimiento de agua y saneamiento en el ámbito rural - DATASS 2020 of the Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento (MVCS) (2020). This report provides information about sanitation services in rural population centers. Furthermore, the hypotheses formulated in this study were validated in the Results section through probabilistic regression analysis, utilizing a water service quality index represented by proper chlorination.Ítem Texto completo enlazado El Conocimiento Tradicional Ecológico Indígena y su papel en el blindaje de territorios étnicos y en el ordenamiento territorial de Leticia, Amazonas – Colombia(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2022-07-11) Pérez Cubillos, Camila MaríaIndigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledge is used as a tool for the defense and vindication of territory by the indigenous communities located in the municipality of Leticia in the Colombian Amazon. These actions are the result of a series of socio-environmental tensions related to the territorial planning of this area, which has generated different territorial figures and problematic situations related to the productive and social activities of these communities. The indigenous population in question is composed of the ticuna, cocama, yagua, and other peoples that have settled in recent decades (muina Murui, muinane, bora, miraña, andoque and others), totaling 54 indigenous peoples in the municipality. This manuscript analyzes the situation of the communities in suburban areas who have small indigenous reserves or who are in process of requesting the declaration of this with the national government. Due to their location and history in this place, those families are becoming surrounded by areas of urban expansion and overlapped by other territorial entities or actors. Consequently, generating direct effects on the space available for housing, traditional cultivation and other productive and cultural activities. The vindication of Indigenous Traditional Ecological Knowledge of these peoples is the basis for indigenous leaders and knowledgeable people in their struggle for the recognition of their territory and their problems with the government. At the same time, they wish to express their ways of conceiving the territory as a space for life, health and wellbeing that is achieved under their practices, rituals, ceremonies and ways of relating to the surrounding ecosystems. With the interest of defending and protecting their territory and in order to change the Amazon Forest Reserve into Indigenous Reserve, they have created significant alliances among their organizations and have reached out to both international as national regulations to achieve their goals and benefit the rights recognized in Colombia.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Planificación urbana con enfoque de desarrollo sostenible en un contexto de crecimiento turístico en Moche, Trujillo, Perú(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2022-07-11) Corro Quintana, Silvana MercedesConsidering tourist activity as a potential phenomenon that generates sustainable development is strategic within an urban planning process. Tourism development planning for a locality and urban development planning are processes that can bring greater benefit to a district or province if they are carried out under an intersectoral perspective. Hence, how can the tourist assets of a territory undergoing urban growth such as Moche play a role in the urban planning of the environment and contribute to improving its spatial conditions from the sustainable development approach? For this, it is proposed that sustainable urban development considers the social, economic and environmental components as tourist attractions and assets for urban development. The problems of Moche in relation to tourism and its urban development are reviewed, and is reached a proposal of guidelines for the sustainable urban development of Moche, which ranges from the identification of assets, urban development strategies, identification of strategic projects for the urban development of Moche and scheme of intervention of actors. This methodology contributes to making visible the regenerative and organizing potential of the development of a tourist environment, as well as the value of incorporating the problem of tourism growth as an input for the preparation of guidelines that deal with the problem of urban development. Finally, valuing the tourist assets of a locality generates an awareness of their role in the urban planning process of that one.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Población Adulta Mayor en Colombia, 2020: índice de envejecimiento poblacional, relación de dependencia demográfica y afiliación en Salud(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2022-07-11) Fernández-Ortiz, Yesika Natali; Mora-Villalobos, Carlos AlbeiroDuring the last thirty years, the adult population over sixty years of age has had a constant increase as a proportion of the total national population. An important factor in studying the location and socioeconomic condition of this population segment is related to the demand for specialized health services. This article aims to "identify the municipal distribution of the Colombian adult population over sixty years old". Additionally, the population aging index and the demographic dependency ratio are calculated, and information is included on the regime and type of health affiliation by age group. Methodologically, a descriptive quantitative research was implemented using statistical information from DANE and SISPRO from the Ministry of Health. The results indicate that in 2020 Colombia had 6 808 641 adults over sixty years of age equivalent to 13.5% of the national population (45.03% men and 54.97% women), of which 76.8% were located in the municipal seat and 23.2% they were in populated centers and dispersed rural areas. The 48.2% of the population was affiliated to the subsidized health regime, 45.9% were from the contributory regime and 5.9% were part of the exception regimes. The national population aging index is 57.5 while the demographic dependency ratio was 58.8.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Sistema productivo local y territorio: el caso de la alfarería en Capula, Michoacán, México(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2021-12-11) Soto González, Livier Julieta; Vieyra Medrano, José AntonioThis article takes up the case of pottery in Capula, Michoacán, taking as a unit of analysis the concept of the local productive system, which gives particular importance to the territory as a key agent in the development process, as it promotes economic activities and its link historical and social aspects, considering its own particularities. In addition, attention is paid to the set of aspects that have given rise to eh formation of said system, highlighting the importance of learning, the dissemination of innovations and the economic and social interrelationships that exist between local actors in the territory.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Nuevas herramientas para analizar la ocupación del territorio peruano: hacia un cambio de paradigma en la gestión pública(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2021-12-11) Prieto Espinoza, Guillermo Jr; Torero Gamero, Domingo Alejandro; Rondón Ramirez, Gustavo Adolfo; Huaire Huaynalaya, Cintya EdithThis article develops the urban-rural continuum methodology as a tool for analyzing the occupation of Peruvian territory. To this end, it discusses the European Commission's method for the delimitation of cities, urban and rural areas together with the current Latin American debates on the subject. In this way, a cell grid spatial classification method using housing density and population number as main indicators is proposed. The results reflect the occupation of Peruvian territory from a different perspective than the dichotomous vision of urban versus rural. Presenting a gradual view that begins in high-density agglomerations, passes through medium and low-density zones, and ends in practically uninhabited areas, this new way of understanding the occupation of the Peruvian territory is taken to a classification that allows analyzing access and investment in sanitation and electricity services, discussing its usefulness as a tool for public administration. The research recommends using the urban-rural gradient methodology as a tool for designing public policies with greater territorial relevance in Peru.