Revista Ensayo. Núm. 2 (2021)
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/202674
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Ítem Texto completo enlazado Fim de semana y Loteamiento clandestino: aproximaciones al universo popular de la vivienda en São Paulo (1970-1990)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-02-15) Aravecchia-Botas, Nilce; Veiga De Castro, Ana ClaudiaThis article is based on the analysis of two films by architect and urbanist Ermínia Maricato Fim de semana (1975) and Loteamento clandestino (1979) to reflect on some relations established in São Paulo, the largest South American metropolis, with the work by John Turner, Freedom to Build (published in 1977). It seeks to show the coincidences and departures between those who dedicated themselves to think social housing in Latin America, defending popular participation in its elaboration. Maricato, following the trail opened by other researchers at the University of São Paulo, elaborates an ethnographic approach to the outskirts of São Paulo, recording the construction of the house of the poor. This look reveals the impossibility of those subjects to access the formal housing market. In the late 1980s, the first municipal administration of the redemocratization period had Maricato as its housing secretary, and during her management, self-construction became state policy. It was a paradox: To support self-construction was to throw water into the windmill of precariousness or to defend libertarian ideas in the face of the oppression of the authoritarian state? Here we intend to discuss these issues, relating the Brazilian intellectual production with a more general movement, seeking to contribute to the debate.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Revisitando el legado de John F. C. Turner(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020-12-12) Golda-Pongratz, Kathrin; Vega Centeno, PabloNo presenta resumen.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Hacia un urbanismo holístico: legado y topicalidad del pensamiento de John F. C. Turner en los asentamientos autoconstruidos del Cono Norte, Lima. El Ermitaño y Pampa de Cueva como casos de estudio para la activación de memoria urbana(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-02-15) Golda-Pongratz, KathrinThe increasing urban fragmentation and the lack of a holistic and inclusive vision of large Latin American agglomerations are, at the same time, their main contemporary challenges. The potential and value of community building and the need to include urban self-building that architect John F. C. Turner in his years in Peru described as «housing resources» and «architecture that works» remain unrecognized in the Peruvian urban and territorial planning.Starting from the documentary A Roof of My Own (Turner Movshon, 1964), filmed by the United Nations on the process of self-construction of El Ermitaño, in the Northern Cone of Lima, in 2016 a memory activation project has begun in the neighborhood. It is the basis of a new documentary entitled City Unfinished. Voices of El Ermitaño (Golda-Pongratz Flores, 2018), portraying this same place from a contemporary perspective that the author understands as a tool of placemaking. On the one hand, it is a question of understanding the current socio-urban dynamics by resorting to the urban memory of the inhabitants. On the other hand, it tests to what extent a less well-known part of Turner's work, his thinking toward a holistic concept of building places and his work on a universal tool to explain placemaking processes, will be applicable in emblematic places such as Pampa de Cueva or El Ermitaño on the self-built periphery of Lima.This documentary and research work encompasses the entire territory of Lima as an interrelated system and seeks to design strategies with which all inhabitants, especially in key, ecologically important and physical areas actively participate as actors and actors responsible for the protection of the cultural heritage and the ecological balance of their habitat.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Examinando la relación entre la planeación y la urbanización periférica en Lima(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-02-15) Lambert, RitaHighlighting the particularities of the urbanisation of the peripheral slopes of Lima, this paper offers a counterpoint in three main fronts to the way auto-constructed settlements are often approached. Firstly it challenges the approach through informality arguing that in effect this lens places human settlements out of focus: on the one hand, it hides the hybridity of conditions involved in such processes of urbanisation; on the other, it positions these settlements tangentially to «formal» legal structures thus limiting the possibility of advancing an understanding of the relationship between planning and «informal» urbanisation processes. Although many cities of the global South get built through this form, this mode of urbanisation is predominantly seen to occur outside of, in violation of, or as a failure of planning. Secondly, the paper questions unintended outcomes and more specifically the production and reproduction of risk as separate from planning, often positioned as the result of haphazard land occupation and lack of knowledge and technical capacities of auto-constructors.Thirdly, it challenges the attribution of responsibility for «informal» urbanisation processes to the urban poor, calling for a relational as well as a socio-material perspective to better understand the urbanisation of the slopes.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Una profesión en desarrollo: John F. C. Turner en Arequipa(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-02-15) Gyger, HelenThis article explores the intersection of aided self-help housing and modernist architectural culture through the early career of the English architect John F. C. Turner, who emerged as a prominent theorist of aided self-help housing beginning in the 1960s. The focus is on Turner’s development of an architectural practice following his arrival in Peru in 1957, at the invitation of architect and planner Eduardo Neira. Turner spent the next couple of years in Arequipa, working for a government agency charged with regularizing the city’s urbanizaciones populares. This culminated in a trial aided self-help housing project initiated after an earthquake in 1958 caused widespread damage to Arequipa’s housing stock. The article explores how these seminal on-the-ground experiences informed Turner’s later theoretical writings.Ítem Texto completo enlazado John F. C. Turner y su visión relacional de la vivienda(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021-02-15) Oyón, José LuisThe article reconstructs the relational conception of housing by John F. C. Turner, a thought about inhabiting where as important as the housing physical object are the relationships that its inhabitants maintain with the environment. This vision, taken in essence from Patrick Geddes, began to be forged in the late 1940s, was taking shape during his stay in Peru between 1957 and 1964 and reached his definitive theoretical expression when he moved to the United States. The article finally reflects on the important role played by the Peruvian and American anthropologists with which he collaborated in Lima, and the figure of Charles Abrams in that Turnerian conception