Agenda Internacional. Vol. 31 Núm. 42 (2024)
URI permanente para esta colecciónhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/200270
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Ítem Texto completo enlazado La lógica estratégica de la proliferación nuclear. Una aproximación teórica(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-28) Lahoz Casas, DanielSince the bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945, nuclear proliferation has remained a polarizing issue. While some attribute to it a pacifying effect, others, adopting a more pessimistic stance, underscore its catastrophic potential. This article aims to shed light on the study of the strategic dynamics surrounding this phenomenon by categorizing its key components and exploring the main motivations that push states to obtain nuclear weapons. Since we argue that a state’s likelihood of proliferation is largely determined by the strategic interaction with its adversaries, we employ Game Theory’s models, specifically the “Prisoner’s Dilemma” and the “Deer Hunt”, to discuss the tendencies that may lead towards either a scenario of widespread proliferation or one of coordinated denuclearization.Ítem Texto completo enlazado El cierre de la MINUSMA en Mali y el futuro de las operaciones de paz de estabilización(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-28) Carvalho, Letícia; Rosas Duarte, Geraldine; Almeida Melo, MateusIn this article, we will discuss the process that led to the ending of MINUSMA, the stabilisation peace operation carried out by the UN in Mali between 2013 and 2023, and we will make a brief conjunctural analysis of this moment of withdrawal, considering its consequences both in terms of the political situation in the country and the abuses and human rights violations suffered by the civilian population, bearing in mind that stability and the protection of civilians were among the mission’s main objectives when it was deployed. Methodologically, the work is based on a qualitative analysis of data on MINUSMA’s performance in Mali throughout its mandate, and on the political situation in the country today, with a focus on the occurrence of violent episodes and fatalities, possible advances related to the political process of conflict resolution and the protection of civilians. The main sources used were documents and reports from the UN itself, non-governmental organizations and research institutes on Mali in general and on MINUSMA’s activities and withdrawal process specifically.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Estrechamiento bilateral peruano-británico en el sector infraestructura en el Perú entre 2017 y 2021(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-28) Herrada Ruiz, Alvaro AlejandroThis article seeks to explain the reasons why Peru and the United Kingdom tightened their bilateral relationship in the infrastructure sector between 2017 and 2021. Therefore, it is proposed that the bilateral relationship became closer since the first G2G contract for Lima 2019 was signed due to factors at the Peruvian and British State level. On the one hand, the Brexit referendum, and the process of the United Kingdom’s exit from the European Union, meant the need to promote the export of British goods and services internationally. In this sense, in Peru, the British identified an opportunity to attract the import of their expertise in the infrastructure sector. On the other hand, on the Peruvian side, it is proposed that the infrastructure gap in the country has been a pending issue on the public agenda. It is concluded that the bilateral relationship became closer in the infrastructure sector, because the British needed to improve their positioning in Peru after Brexit and that coincided with the visibility of the infrastructure problems faced by Peru, which generated the conditions for the narrowing of the gap.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Obligaciones jurisprudenciales conforme la Corte IDH en la adecuación de legislación sobre violencia sexual e institucional(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-28) Caballero Echevarría, ClaudiaSince its formation, the Inter-American Court has heard a large number of cases of human rights violations, among which it has analyzed investigations into alleged sexual violations and the commission of institutional violence. In this context, there is an urgent need to adapt the domestic legislation of States to address these issues. The objective of this article is to expose the obligations established jurisprudentially by the Inter-American Court on legisla-tion to prevent and eradicate sexual and institutional violence. Thus, based on an analysis of the Court’s historical cases, various types of inter-American standards were identified corresponding to compliance with the obligations assumed by the States parties to the American Convention and the Convention of Belém do Pará. All of these express duties related to the creation, modification and repeal of regulations with the purpose of promoting legal equality and preventing the commission of sexual and institutional violence.Ítem Texto completo enlazado El Tratado de Funcionamiento de la Unión Europea como fuente supletoria del derecho en la Comunidad Andina. El libre comercio y la soberanía de los Estados(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-28) Reyes Tagle, YovanaThe Andean Court of Justice (ACJ) considered Article 34 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) as a supplementary source of law to interpret the principle of free movement of goods in the Andean Community (CAN). The Cartagena Agreement does not provide for the concept of measure of equivalent effect to quantitative restrictions. The objective of this article is to analyze the implications of employing the TFEU as a supplementary source of law and the regulatory capacity of the Member States of the CAN. It is argued that considering the TFEU as a supplementary source of law to interpret the principle of free movement of goods in the CAN facilitated the extensive interpretation of the Cartagena Agreement with the risk of reducing state regulatory capacity.Ítem Texto completo enlazado Argentina y su relación con la Federación Rusa (2007-2023). La búsqueda de la autonomía internacional en el marco de un vínculo dinámico(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2024-06-28) Ilivitzky, Matias EstebanObjective/context: This paper aims to explore the links that some recent Argentine presidencies (Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Mauricio Macri and Alberto Fernández) maintained with the Russian Federation.Methodology: It will initially dwell into the longstanding tradition of pacifism which characterizes Argentine foreign policy, and then proceed to register the strategy of its most recent federal administrations regarding their international outlooks and its ties with Russia. Its strategy regarding the war in Ukraine will be inscribed within that broader diplomatic framework and tradition. It will then introduce the concept ‘geopolitical vaccinationalism’ into this scenario, making connections between purely public health issues, originated after the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, and foreign policy postures and decisions that are not necessarily related to them. In this section, the strategies of some recent Argentine administrations regarding the purchase of COVID-19 vaccines to be administered to its population will also be covered. Finally, in the last section of the paper, the issue of the increased rate of pregnant Russian women coming to Argentina to give birth will also be tackled.Conclusions/originality: This situation, prompted by the Russian-Ukraine Conflict, increased the strains between Presidents Alberto Fernández and Vladimir Putin, while also presenting risks in regard to the international standing of Argentina and the seriousness with which its passport is being regarded by foreign governments.