Núm. 90 (2023)
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://54.81.141.168/handle/123456789/194409
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Item Metadata only De nuevo sobre la prisión permanente revisable española: el contexto de su nacimiento, la sentencia del Tribunal Constitucional que la avala y el pretendido proyecto de reforma(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-05-24) Martín Aragón, María del MarThis paper addresses the new problems arisen after the recent judgement from the Spanish Constitutional Court ratifying revisable permanent prison. We need to bear in mind that Constitutional Law 1/2015 introduces permanent revisable prison for the very first time in the Spanish sentencing system. This sentence faced serious problems of constitutionality that were highlighted by a report made by a group of experts that would serve as a basis for the action of unconstitutionality presented in June the 30th 2015. It has taken six years for the Constitutional Court to solve this action in the sadly predictable sense to consider this penalty as constitutional; nevertheless, three dissenting votes pointed in the opposite direction. This decision has left an open door that certain political parties have decided to take and advantage of, in a punitive turn to extend this revisable permanent prison to new criminal situations. So, this work seeks to analyze the ramifications of this judgement, contributing to the reflection on permanent revisable prison and its escalation, so as the problems that it raises.Item Metadata only Migraciones, religiones y derecho: la tradición de la Iglesia siria oriental «nestoriana» (siglos V-XXI)(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-05-24) Cellurale, MariateresaReligious regimes of normativity, pertaining to non-catholic traditions of Christianity, which are particular to the history of Asia, where they originated and throve between late antiquity and early modern age, provide a powerful testimony as to social, legal and cultural entanglements that cannot be acknowledged nor understood from the binary vision of the Kulturkampf between the “East” and the “West”. Case in point: the tradition of the “Nestorian” Church of the East, with its early spread eastward, from Mesopotamia and Persia to India and China, through all of Central Asia, long before the catholic and protestant missions of the late Middle Ages and the modern age (14th to 19th centuries), defies the paradigms of postcolonial analysis. Legal and liturgical multilingual documents and monuments of the Church of the East—born from the persecution of the followers of Nestorius and Theodore of Mopsuestia under the Roman rule, established in Eastern Mesopotamia as a self-standing denomination under the katholikós, since 410—, reflect an original and autonomous Christian culture, risen from heresy, independent from any papal or imperial agenda. Its bodies of theological doctrines and liturgical formularies, particularly its legal texts, reveal a transnational, non-exclusively confessional mindset, open to hybridization. Likewise, the legal and liturgical system of the Church of the East, developed over eight centuries through migrations, commerce, missional and literary activity (writing and translations) along the Silk Roads trade and knowledge network, provided governance and justice for Christians (and also non-Christians) belonging to many peoples in diverse territories. Built with a communal rather than institutional outreach, the tradition of “Nestorian” Christianity is a genuinely “Eastern” one. It survives among us, confirmed and reinforced in its jurisdictional and pastoral structures, but also misinterpreted and misplaced, as to its role in the context of the history of Asia. Challenged and hunted, it’s facing oblivion, dispersion and, eventually, annihilation.Item Metadata only Consideraciones de política criminal sobre el delito de negociaciones incompatibles con la función pública: una reconstrucción de su ilicitud como puesta en peligro contra la voluntad estatal(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-05-24) Rusca, BrunoBased on the distinction drawn by R. A. Duff between attacks and endangerments as two different kind of wrongs, this paper advocates a view of the crime of conflict of interest in the public sector as implicit endangerment against government decisions. This view is supported by different empirical studies, which demonstrate that, in scenarios of conflict of interest, although agents do not act with a deliberate purpose of benefiting themselves, their decisions tend to privilege their private interests. In addition, it is argued that, according to the perspective defended, the scope of the offense should include interests and acts of a non-economic nature. It should be clarified that the purpose of this paper is to contribute to the development of a normative theory of negotiations incompatible with public office which determines how this crime should be regulated, regardless of the specific way in which each legislation defines such behavior.Item Metadata only Decolonizando los métodos jurídicos feministas en una investigación acerca del fenómeno de la narcocriminalización de las mujeres(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-05-23) Ferreira, Letícia Cardoso; Braga, Ana Gabriela MendesFeminists take a variety of different approaches to discussions of the law, and many researchers have focused on studying the possibility of employing feminist legal methods of “doing” and “knowing” in law. Feminist authors discuss the possibility of applying feminist methods to question truth claims in law and challenge the power relations the law creates and recreates based on markers such as gender, race, and class. We have organized our work around three components of a method developed by Katharine Bartlett—the woman question, feminist practical reasoning and consciousness-raising— to analyze the knowledge produced regarding the imprisonment of women for drug offenses in Brazil in the 21st century. We consider how feminist methods may be applied in this and other contexts which involve a great deal of marginalization. Drawing on Ochy Curiel’s interpretation of the concept of the coloniality of knowledge, we ask: How can we decolonize feminist methods in order to adapt them to the needs and realities of the Global South? We focus on the idea of translation, advocated for by a number of Latin American and North American authors whose work navigates on spaces of centrality (North) and marginality (South), as a method of producing “connected epistemologies” which encourage alliances and challenge reductionist interpretations of feminist theories. Our aim is to contribute to a horizontal dialogue between the Global North and South in feminist studies without disregarding the uniqueness of the realities of our research subjects.Item Metadata only «A criterio del juez»: desafíos para la participación infantil en justicia de familia(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-05-23) Garcia-Quiroga, Manuela; Loredo, Bernardita; Roig, Dominique; Gonzalez, Andrea; Vallejo, ValentinaIn family justice, one of the biggest challenges is to effectively guarantee the right of children to participate. Though participation implies multiple benefits for the child, such as increased self-esteem, psychological wellbeing and preventing violations of rights, it is possible to detect many obstacles for it to effectively occur in court. Among these, prioritizing adults’ interests, conditioning participation of the child to their age and lack of formal regulations were noted. The present study consists of a thematic analysis of interviews with Chilean family judges about child participation. Findings point to a consideration of the infrastructure and the institutional legal organization as not being able to guarantee and facilitate child participation in the judicial system. Lack of standardization in norms and practices inside the courts encourages judges to base their decisions on their own personal abilities and criteria, frequently influenced by prejudice about revictimization and the capacity of children to exercise a meaningful participation related to their psychological development. In addition, considerations about how laws and family courts should promote child participation in family justice are discussed.Item Metadata only Abordando los sesgos contra las mujeres víctimas de delitos sexuales en el Poder Judicial chileno: un estudio de caso(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-05-23) Parodi Ambel, KarimeWomen victims of sexual assault encounter several hurdles when seeking justice in Chilean legal institutions; however, recent efforts by the Chilean Supreme Court to fight bias against underrepresented groups have foregrounded the importance of applying a gender perspective in court trials. In light of the publication by the Chilean Supreme Court in 2019, I analyze the court ruling of a 2004 rape case that led Corporación Humanas―a feminist NGO―to file a petition before the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. Given the ruling’s egregious biases, the NGO holds Chile responsible for the violation of several victims’ rights specified in international human rights treaties. Based on the written court ruling, I examine how the judges and other legal actors failed to deliver justice with a gender perspective. For that purpose, I analyze how the judges, the prosecutors, and the defense attorneys resorted to the following types of gender bias: a) gender stereotypes and rape myths, b) credibility discounting (Tuerkheimer, 2017), c) assessment of the evidence without a gender perspective, d) requirement of bodily injury to give credence to the hypothesis of rape by force and e) discussion of the victim’s sexual history. Considering the different categories of gender bias detected in the case, I assess whether the Chilean handbook would have been an effective tool to prevent them. Finally, based on this case, I determine the handbook’s limitations and suggest potential improvements.Item Metadata only Los delitos del estallido social y el rol de la Defensoría Penal Pública en Chile en 2019(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-05-23) Farías, Javiera; Fernández, José Manuel; Pascual, Tomás; Rojas, HugoThe Constitution and the Code of Criminal Procedure, as well as international treaties ratified by Chile, oblige the state to offer free legal assistance to those who require it, which is especially relevant in the criminal sphere. On the riots or social unrest that occurred in Chile in the last quarter of 2019 and early 2020, the Public Criminal Defense Office adopted a set of measures to offer legal defense to those who were detained or indicted by the criminal prosecution bodies. This research compares crime behavior in the country between 2017 and 2021 and identifies the social unrest crimes. These are a group of crimes whose frequency increased considerably during the turbulent months: 1) burglary, 2) public disorder, 3) disturbances to public order, and 4) attacks and threats against authorities. The volume and specificities of the social unrest crimes challenged the entire justice sector and, in doing so, made it possible to generate beliefs about the legitimacy of the criminal justice system. In contexts of social unrest, the generation of such beliefs seems especially important, because they can increase perceptions of injustice, enhancing the motivations that give rise to such unrest. Therefore, the operational reactions deployed in the Public Criminal Defense Office to ensure timely criminal defense services are explained. Good practices of the Public Criminal Defense Office that could be strengthened institutionally and normatively so that the justice sector is better prepared to face complex or unusual criminological phenomena, such as those that occurred during the social outburst, are also highlighted.Item Metadata only NFT (token no fungibles) y sus implicaciones en el mercado de valores(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-05-23) Gámez Baracaldo, María Camila; Corredor Higuera, Jorge ArmandoThe impact generated by the accelerated development of NFT’s creates a series of risks and legal problems, among which the legal, the impact on intellectual property, the protection of the purchasers of this type of tokens, fraud prevention and the possible impact of NFT’s on financial markets are the most important. The purpose of this document is to analyze whether the regulatory framework of the securities market is applicable to NFT’s based on the following assumptions: i) NFT’s, understood individually as a digital representation, cannot be considered as securities; ii) in States where the definition of securities includes the concept of “investment contract”, NFT’s could be considered as securities, as long as they meet the requirements of the Howey Test; iii) in States where there is no definition of investment contracts, NFT’s could be considered as securities, provided that they meet the requirements for such purpose—the existence of a negotiable right, issued in mass or in series within a public offering of securities, and that its purpose is to obtain resources from the public by way of investment—; and iv) that the recognition of NFT’s as securities would lead to the application of regulatory frameworks of the capital market in matters such as registration before the financial authorities, provision of information and investor protection schemes. This text will describe the origin and current scenario of NFT’s. Likewise, the different positions of supervisory and regulatory authorities at a global level will be analyzed with respect to these tokens; and, finally, some reflections will be made from the point of view of securities market regulation with respect to the aforementioned non-fungible tokens.Item Metadata only El derecho y la representación de la protesta política violenta: análisis de un expediente judicial del estallido chileno(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-05-23) Quiroz Rojas, Loreto FranciscaLaw constitutes a device that serves the purpose of naturalizing the existing social order. This is because the cycle of protests observed since October 2019 in Chile, insofar as it was oriented to produce changes in the social order, puts pressure on the Law. Hence, it is possible to expect that the representations of political protest produced from the legal field during this cycle operate in diverse and opposing senses. In order to investigate the understanding of these meanings and to know how they are confronted, a judicial process oriented to the punishment of actions developed in the framework of these protests is examined. This type of analysis is relevant because what is debated in court has an impact on the discussion and definition of the content of the political rights of citizens. The proposed research is a contribution to the socio-legal understanding of protest, a right at the heart of democracyItem Metadata only Migración «extrarregional» y fronteras temporales en el contexto sudamericano reciente. Migración haitiana e «intermitencia legal» en Argentina(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2023-05-23) Trabalón, CarinaThis article aims to analyze the tensions and reconfigurations that operate between illegalization, temporary borders and daily life of Haitians in Argentina, in connection with larger regional processes linked to the political government of Caribbean and African “extrarregional” migration in the recent South American context. I argue that the control over the modes of “permanence” of migrants of Haitian origin in Argentina represents a paradigmatic case that allows exposing regional trends in progress during the 2010s, based on the political exclusion of the refuge, the existence of differential criteria of residence, the reinforcement of illegalization mechanisms and the multiplication of temporary borders. In addition, I maintain that one of the main manifestations of these political processes is the “legal intermittency” referring to the conflictive and changing dynamics that is established between legal-political practices, temporary experiences of control and negotiation strategies of the subjects. The article adopts a qualitative methodological approach that includes, firstly, a documentary analysis of regulations and policies implemented at the regional level during the 2010s on Caribbean and African migration in Argentina, Brazil, Chile and Ecuador. Second, a participant observation and interviews conducted with migrants of Haitian origin between 2017 and 2019 in two cities in Argentina. I conclude that the link between legal borders and temporary borders constitutes a key aspect to understand both the political-administrative realities of the “new” migrations in the South American context, as well as the historically situated ways in which “configurations of illegality” permeate the projects of life and forms of resistance of specific national and social groups.