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Dinámicas de racismo en el Perú: la perspectiva cultural de Gonzalo Portocarrero
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2020-05-26) Vich, Víctor
Gonzalo Portocarrero construyó tres metáforas para explicar las dinámicas del racismo en el Perú, vale decir, para intentar describir su modo de funcionamiento y la manera particular en la que este se había producido (y asentado) en las prácticas sociales y en el imaginario existente. Las tres metáforas fueron las siguientes: el fundamento invisible, el fantasma del patrón y la utopía del blanqueamiento. Este ensayo explica cada una de ellas y las hace dialogar con algunos de los principales aportes que, para entenderlo, se han propuesto en el Perú y en la teoría crítica actual.
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«Tierra de nadie»: Estado y desarrollo humano en Madre de Dios
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-26) Fuentes, Alejandra
Traditionally, one of the most important questions in social sciences has been one that asks about differences in levels of development (between regions, countries and sub-national units). However, it is only in the last decades that development has begun to be understood from a perspective centered on people and, particularly, on their well-being and freedom to live the life they choose to live. This article argues why a region like Madre de Dios—characterized by its geographical complexity, illegal economies, high rates of human trafficking and other problems—has managed to maintain relatively successful levels in the Development Index over time. Human. From a sub-national perspective, it is proposed that in this region three different levels of human development coexist in three different areas of the territory that are overshadowed by regional measurement. These three differentiated levels, in turn, are the result of different patterns of relations between State and society based on two conditions: (1) the type of non-state actors and (2) the nature of the interaction.
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Auge y caída del tráfico ilícito de drogas en la selva alta peruana: un análisis desde el enfoque de relaciones Estado-sociedad
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-26) Manrique, Hernán
This article studies the transformation of State-society relations in the Peruvian Upper Jungle through the analyses of the rise and fall of drug trafficking in the Upper Huallaga Valley and the consolidation of «alternative development» in the San Martin region. After a brief historical introduction to the origins of drug trafficking in the valley, this paper focuses on the state efforts to fight drug trafficking since the late 1970's until the current days, in which the «Miracle of San Martin» managed to consolidate. The article discusses the importance of the type of drug policies to be implemented and the context in which they are put in practice, it discusses the role of local actors, sub-national governments and the international cooperation to consolidate the «Miracle of San Martín».
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Repensando el Estado y la política desde la autonomía indígena: la construcción del Gobierno Territorial Autónomo de la Nación Wampis
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-26) Gómez, Tania
In the wake of socio-environmental conflict of Bagua (2009)—caused by police violence against indigenous people (awajun and wampis) who defended their collective rights to land—Perú forcibly became the first latin American country to approve a Prior Consultation Law (2011). This seemed to open an institutionalized path for the turbulent and uneven relationship between State and indigenous communities. Despite this, in 2015 Wampis people positioned a divergent political path by publicly declare the articulation of Territorial Autonomous Government of Wampis Nation (GTANW). This article aims to explain the construction of this strategy of territorial defense, from an analysis of the dialectic interaction between political opportunity structure that Bagua conflict opens for the right to self-government; and creative reformulation of wampis political agency that manages to challenge politics inside the State-nations boundaries.
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Coca, café y cacao: lucha contra las drogas y estrategias de vida en agricultores del valle del Monzón
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-26) Grillo, Luciana
The objective of this research is to analyze how the implementation of state initiatives in drug control policy is related to the configuration of life strategies in farmers of the Monzón Valley. To do this, it (a) identifies how the implementation process was developed in drug control policies; (b) characterizes the narratives and practices constructed by farmers based on the application of these initiatives; and (c) analyzes how the interrelation between the implementation process and the capitals of the population is linked to the configuration of life strategies. The study, qualitative and exploratory, finds that the consequences of state initiatives in the social groups of the valley varies because of factors such as origin, age, gender, previous agricultural experience and location of the plots, which are expressed as capitals that facilitate or restrict the decisions of rural actors. From them, farmers will deploy different life strategies, which can be observed as practices and narratives developed to adapt and give meaning to the process they now live.
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Sinergias e incrustación del Estado en la sociedad: la política económica alternativa del Gobierno Regional de San Martín
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-26) Kaulard, Anke
The «Miracle of San Martín» in the Peruvian Amazon is a metaphor that is known nationally and internationally, for the recovery of state order in a region that has been convulsed by terrorism and drug trafficking. With the lens of historical and social neo-institutionalism, this article explores economic policies, synergies and actors of «alternative development» in San Martín, who have been offered an alternative to coca by the implementation of organic and fair trade cocoa chains. This study finds that the construction of organic and fair trade cocoa chains, commonly perceived as relatively successful because of the intervention of international cooperation agencies, has been possible in fact due to two different key factors. On the one hand, the development of a proper and innovative landmark of a modernized regional government, that is permitted to be «developmental» in a mostly neoliberal context in Peru where direct state intervention in the economy is usually restricted. On the other hand, the rather unusual continuity of regional government´s staff in different government periods and their professionalization as an agricultural «green policy think and action tank» together with the formation of technical experts called «tigers», who contributed to a stable policy of the sustainable global value chains and their implementation.
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«Son prácticamente casos perdidos». Trata de personas y respuesta judicial en Madre de Dios, Perú
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-05-26) Tuesta, Diego
Research on the prosecution of human trafficking is scarce in South America. This paper provides evidence of criminal procedures for this offense in Madre de Dios, one of Peru’s emblematic gold mining enclaves. I demonstrate that prosecutors’ behaviour is shaped by a plurality of actions, which contrasts contemporary scholarship focus on rational choice theory. I also shed light on penal selection patterns, or why prosecutors prioritize some cases instead of others. Although discretion is certainly a key aspect, I find that other variables—such as the cultural organization within justice practitioners—play an important role to explain the aforementioned behaviour.
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Cuando el Estado y la sociedad confluyen: la construcción de la política territorial en San Martín (2002-2018)
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2018-02-07) Augusto, María Claudia
In 2002, Peru launched a decentralization process that assigned functions to 25 new regional governments. The reform has exhibited dissimilar results. The majority of subnational governments experience challenges to enforce the law in their territories. Despite that, it is possible to identify positive experiences. This article focuses in the study of territorial and environmental policies in San Martín, a region that used to be the most deforested region in the country and that has become a role model for the implementation of conservation policies. To answer this question, we focus in two variables. On the one hand, we show the importance of state-society linkages in the strengthen of state capacity and, on the other, the positive effect of political leadership in the prioritization of policies. The article, then, aims to emphasize how local demand can promote, enforce and guarantee the continuity of policies over time.

Núm. 47 (2018)

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