(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2003) Ruiz Díaz, Gonzalo
This paper provides some empirical findings about competition and pricing in retailgasoline markets in Lima. Through the estimation of reaction curves for a sample of 84 gasolinestations located in 22 districts of the city, the paper shows the influence of supply and demandfactors on gasoline prices, during the period February, 1999 - January, 2000. The main findingswere the abscence of strong price competition and the presence of strong interbranddifferentiation in this market. The results also show the high influence of location andtechnology as determinants of gasoline prices. This evidence contribute to explain the high pricedifferentials commonly observed in these markets and the influence of horizontal differentiationon pricing policies of retailers.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2003) Jiménez, Félix
This paper is aimed to describe the basic limitations of the current fiscal responsibility lawto deal with the economic recession due to its pro cyclical character. Section 2 contains atheoretical model, which relates the aggregate demand to the pro cyclical fiscal rule. Two casesof static comparative analysis are developed in section 3: external shock and monetary policyshock; and the possibility of a fiscal and monetary policy mix to reactivate the economy is alsoanalyzed. In section 4 contains the empirical evidence of the fiscal policy character in the lastdecade. Finally, a brief review on the application of the fiscal rules experiences is developed inthe last section, and some changes on the law are suggested in order to make it more credible andefficient for public budget management.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2003) Iguíñiz Echeverria, Javier María
In this paper we analyze the meaning of four concepts, subsistence, needs, wants and preferencesfrom the viewpoint of their association with the concepts of life sustenance and freedom. Ouraim is to show that the concentration by mainstream economic theory in the last two allows it toavoid dealing with the most important economic problems of today: poverty andunderdevelopment. Moreover, it trivializes the meaning of freedom, and specifically of freedomto choose. As freedom increases, loses substance.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2003) Francke, Pedro
La malaria es uno de los principales problemas de salud pública en el Perú y en el mundo.Además de los costos humanos, que son los más importantes, la malaria tiene también un impactoeconómico. El presente trabajo estima el costo que tiene la malaria para la sociedad peruana en119.5 millones de nuevos soles para el año 1998, lo que equivale al 1.5 por ciento del gasto total ensalud. Debido a que los principales costos de malaria son aquellos que se generan sobre las familias,que tienden a recuperarlos mediante un mayor esfuerzo familiar, ellos no son adecuadamentepercibidos por la sociedad, lo que favorece la subvaluación de la importancia de la enfermedad.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2003) Torres Zorrilla, Jorge
A partir de la matriz insumo - producto de la economía peruana de 1994, este estudiopresenta un análisis de los clusters de los sectores manufactureros. El estudio describe lasempresas más importantes de los clusters, los eslabonamientos productivos, el destino final delos productos, y la propiedad de algunas de las empresas consideradas. El estudio concluye quelos clusters industriales todavía están en su primera etapa de formación y que existenlimitaciones en relación a las bajas capacidades tecnológicas existentes, a la capacidad degenerar innovaciones y difundir aprendizajes, a la insuficiencia de demanda interna que permitaescalas mínimas de producción, y a las dificultades actuales para un mayor financiamiento y parainversión directa extranjera. El estudio concluye que los clusters industriales más desarrolladosson los complejos de exportación de la economía: Minería-Metalurgia, Pesca, y Textiles.
(Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Fondo Editorial, 2003) Garavito, Cecilia
The objective of this work is to analyze the existing relation between employment,unemployment and production, by means of the estimation of the Okun coefficient for thePeruvian Economy. A previous step consists in the estimation of the employment-productionelasticity. Both parameters are important elements for macroeconomic policy design, and theevaluation of its effects on employment and welfare. Based on a cointegration analysis we find a positive long-term relation between the employment rate and Lima's GDP throughout the period,where the employment rate rises in 0.0288 percentage points for a rise of 1000 nuevos soles of1979. We also estimate an Okun coefficient of 0.0845, its low value is only comparable withthose of Japan, Bolivia and Argentina. In Peru's case, the reason for this low coefficient can befound in the procyclical behavior of the labor force, and in the fact that workers retire from thelabor market when they lose their post. We also find that the rate of growth of the GDP must beat least of 3.31% in order to keep the unemployment rate from rising, and of about 11% to lowerthe unemployment rate in one point. Finally, we estimate recursive Okun coefficients based onthe cyclical components of the series, which gives us a range between 0.02 and 0.12 for thewhole period.
