Estrés parental y prácticas de crianza en padres de familia de Lima
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Date
2020-10-22
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación buscó analizar la relación entre el estrés parental y las prácticas de
crianza en padres de familia de Lima Metropolitana. La muestra estuvo conformada por 96
padres de familia, 35 hombres (36.5 %) y 61 mujeres (63.5 %), entre los 31 y 52 años (M =
43.12, DE = 3.60), cuyos hijos tienen entre 6 y 12 años (M = 8.95, DE = 1.55) y tienen un
desarrollo esperado para su edad. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Afecto para
Padres (EA-P; Bersabé et al., 2001), la Escala de Normas y Exigencias para Padres (ENE-P;
Bersabé et al., 2001 y el Índice de Estrés Parental, Versión Corta (PSI-SF; Abidin, 1995), los
cuales fueron aplicados de manera virtual. Los resultados indicaron correlaciones
significativas entre puntajes totales del estrés parental y las prácticas de crianza, a excepción
de prácticas indulgentes. A mayores niveles de estrés parental, padres reportaron más
expresiones de crítica, rechazo y rigidez, así como menos expresiones de afecto,
comunicación y exigencia inductiva del cumplimiento de normas. Asimismo, esta misma
relación significativa estuvo presente en padres y madres por separado, a excepción de la
relación con la forma rígida de establecer normas, la cual no estuvo presente en hombres.
También se hallaron correlaciones significativas a nivel de factores del estrés parental. Estos
resultados indican que el estrés parental está relacionado a las prácticas de crianza,
reforzando lo encontrado en estudios previos. Además, denotan algunas características
propias de esta muestra peruana.
This research aimed to study the relationship between parenting stress and parenting practices among parents living in Metropolitan Lima. The sample consisted of 96 parents, 35 men (36.5%) and 61 women (63.5%), between 31 and 52 years of age (M = 43.12, SD = 3.60), whose children are between 6 and 12 years old (M = 8.95, SD = 1.55) and with no known developmental delay. The measures used were the Warmth Scale for Parents (EA-P; Bersabé et al., 2001), the Rules-Demands for Parents (ENE-P; Bersabé et al., 2001) and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF, Abidin, 1995), which were administered online. Results indicated significant correlations between total parenting stress scores and parenting practices, with the exception of indulgent practices. At higher levels of parenting stress, parents reported more expressions of criticism, rejection and strictness, as well as fewer expressions of affection, communication and inductive practices. In addition, these same correlations were present in fathers and mothers separately, with the exception of rigid forms of establishing norms, which was not present in fathers. Significant correlations were also found at the level of parenting stress domains. These results indicate that parenting stress is related to parenting practices, reinforcing findings from previous studies. Also, they show some characteristics specific to this Peruvian sample.
This research aimed to study the relationship between parenting stress and parenting practices among parents living in Metropolitan Lima. The sample consisted of 96 parents, 35 men (36.5%) and 61 women (63.5%), between 31 and 52 years of age (M = 43.12, SD = 3.60), whose children are between 6 and 12 years old (M = 8.95, SD = 1.55) and with no known developmental delay. The measures used were the Warmth Scale for Parents (EA-P; Bersabé et al., 2001), the Rules-Demands for Parents (ENE-P; Bersabé et al., 2001) and the Parenting Stress Index-Short Form (PSI-SF, Abidin, 1995), which were administered online. Results indicated significant correlations between total parenting stress scores and parenting practices, with the exception of indulgent practices. At higher levels of parenting stress, parents reported more expressions of criticism, rejection and strictness, as well as fewer expressions of affection, communication and inductive practices. In addition, these same correlations were present in fathers and mothers separately, with the exception of rigid forms of establishing norms, which was not present in fathers. Significant correlations were also found at the level of parenting stress domains. These results indicate that parenting stress is related to parenting practices, reinforcing findings from previous studies. Also, they show some characteristics specific to this Peruvian sample.
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Keywords
Crianza de los hijos, Stress (Psicología), Psicología--Investigaciones--Metodología
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