El sistema informal y su repercusión en las Organizaciones Sin Fines de Lucro. El caso de la ONG Soluciones Prácticas
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2023-08-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación tiene un enfoque cualitativo y apunta al análisis y
explicación de un caso específico. La ONG Soluciones Prácticas es una organización
que se encuentra dentro de un entorno cambiante y convulsionado. Así los cambios
económicos, políticos y sociales -nacionales e internacionales- que surgieron a finales
de los 80 hasta la primera década del 2000, han orillado a esta organización a
reestructurarse. En este marco, se esperaría que los directivos de la ONG
respondieran de forma ágil y factible, situación que no sucedió presentando
limitaciones para enfrentar el nuevo escenario. La presente investigación tiene como
objetivo principal explicar el alcance del sistema informal en el desempeño
institucional de la ONG Soluciones prácticas considerando tres dimensiones: i)
relaciones de poder, ii) coordinación y iii) cultura organizacional. Todo ello dentro de
un entorno inestable y un proceso de transición hacia un modelo organizacional
moderno, ocurrido en los primeros quince años del siglo XXI. Para ello, se utiliza como
base del análisis la Teoría de las Relaciones Humanas, tomando como premisa
principal el concepto desarrollado por Johansen (1982), el cual plantea que la
organización está compuesta por un sistema formal e informal, y contemplando el
enfoque del sistema de acción concreto, desarrollado por Crozier y Friedberg (1990).
En el recojo de información se utilizaron entrevistas estructuradas y semi-
estructuradas, observación no participante y revisión bibliográfica. La conclusión
principal apunta a que los cambios económicos, políticos y sociales han ocasionado
una “etapa de transición” en la ONG Soluciones Prácticas. Etapa que no pudo ser
enfrentada eficazmente por la alta dirección y las áreas de asesoría e innovación de
la sede central. Ante tal situación de incertidumbre, los gerentes y colaboradores de
los programas han desarrollado sus propias estrategias valiéndose del sistema
informal de la organización. Con ello se ha logrado que dicha ONG sobreviva y se
mantenga de manera sostenida en un entorno de inestabilidad.
This research has a qualitative approach and focuses on the analysis and explanation of a specific case. The NGO Soluciones Prácticas is an organization that finds itself in a changing and convulsed environment. Thus, the economic, political and social changes -national and international- that arose at the end of the 80s until the first decade of the 2000s, have forced this organization to restructure itself. In this framework, it would be expected that the NGO managers would respond in an agile and feasible way, a situation that did not happen, presenting limitations to face the new scenario. The main objective of this research is to explain the scope of the informal system in the institutional performance of the NGO Soluciones Prácticas considering three dimensions: i) power relations, ii) coordination and iii) organizational culture. This within an unstable environment and in a process of transition towards a modern organizational model, which occurred in the first fifteen years of the 21st century. For this, the Theory of Human Relations is used, taking as its main premise the concept developed by Johansen (1982), which indicates that the organization is composed of a formal and informal system, and contemplating the approach of the concrete action system, developed by Crozier and Friedberg (1990). In the collection of information, structured and semi-structured interviews, non- participant observation and bibliographic review were used. The main conclusion points to the fact that economic, political and social changes have caused a "transition stage" in the NGO Soluciones Prácticas. Stage that could not be effectively faced by senior management and the consulting and innovation areas of the headquarters. Faced with such a situation of uncertainty, the managers and collaborators of the programs have developed their own strategies using the informal system of the organization. With this, the NGO has been able to survive and maintain itself in a sustained manner in an environment of instability.
This research has a qualitative approach and focuses on the analysis and explanation of a specific case. The NGO Soluciones Prácticas is an organization that finds itself in a changing and convulsed environment. Thus, the economic, political and social changes -national and international- that arose at the end of the 80s until the first decade of the 2000s, have forced this organization to restructure itself. In this framework, it would be expected that the NGO managers would respond in an agile and feasible way, a situation that did not happen, presenting limitations to face the new scenario. The main objective of this research is to explain the scope of the informal system in the institutional performance of the NGO Soluciones Prácticas considering three dimensions: i) power relations, ii) coordination and iii) organizational culture. This within an unstable environment and in a process of transition towards a modern organizational model, which occurred in the first fifteen years of the 21st century. For this, the Theory of Human Relations is used, taking as its main premise the concept developed by Johansen (1982), which indicates that the organization is composed of a formal and informal system, and contemplating the approach of the concrete action system, developed by Crozier and Friedberg (1990). In the collection of information, structured and semi-structured interviews, non- participant observation and bibliographic review were used. The main conclusion points to the fact that economic, political and social changes have caused a "transition stage" in the NGO Soluciones Prácticas. Stage that could not be effectively faced by senior management and the consulting and innovation areas of the headquarters. Faced with such a situation of uncertainty, the managers and collaborators of the programs have developed their own strategies using the informal system of the organization. With this, the NGO has been able to survive and maintain itself in a sustained manner in an environment of instability.
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Organizaciones no gubernamentales--Perú, Organizaciones no lucrativas--Perú, Poder (Ciencias sociales)--Perú, Cultura corporativa--Perú, Relaciones interpersonales--Perú
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