Estrés parental y afrontamiento en padres de niños con síndrome de down
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Date
2018-12-21
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El presente estudio exploró la asociación entre el estrés parental y los estilos de
afrontamiento en padres de hijos con síndrome de Down. Los participantes fueron 54
padres de familia entre los 31 y 56 años de edad en donde el 37.16% (N=22) fueron
padres y el 54.2% (N=32) fueron madres que asistían a centros de niños de habilidades
especiales en Lima Metropolitana. El estrés se midió con el cuestionario Índice de
Estrés Parental/versión corta (Abidin, 1995) y el afrontamiento con el Cuestionario de
Estimación de Afrontamiento (Carver, Scheier y Weintraub, 1989). Los puntajes de
estrés de los padres corresponden a niveles normales de estrés parental según los
baremos del autor de la prueba. Las estrategias de afrontamiento más usadas fueron las
de planificación, aceptación, contención al afrontamiento y búsqueda de soluciones
instrumentales. Los resultados evidencian una asociación directa entre las subescalas de
interacción disfuncional padre-hijo y distrés parental con la estrategia de
desentendimiento conductual. También se encontraron correlaciones indirectas entre
distrés parental y la estrategia de búsqueda de soluciones emocionales e instrumentales;
y entre la subescala de estrés derivado del cuidado del niño y la estrategia de búsqueda
de soluciones emocionales e instrumentales. Finalmente, se encontró una correlación
directa entre el puntaje total de la escala de Estrés Parental con la estrategia de
desentendimiento conductual y una indirecta entre la estrategia de búsqueda de
soluciones emociones e instrumentales y la estrategia de enfocar y liberar emociones.
The following study explored the association between the parental stress and the coping styles in parents of children with Down syndrome. The participants were 54 parents between the ages of 31 and 56 years old, where 37,16% (N=22) were fathers and 54.2% (N=32) were mothers, who were attending children’s center of special skills in Metropolitan Lima. The stress was measured with the questionnaire Parental Stress Index/short version (Abidin, 1995) and the coping with the Coping Estimation Questionnaire (Carver, Scheier and Weintraub 1989). The parent’s stress scores correspond to normal levels of parental stress according to the scales of test’s author. The coping strategies more used were the planning, acceptation, coping contention and searching of instrumental solutions. The results show a direct association between the subscales of parent-son dysfunctional interaction and parental distress with the strategy of behavioral misunderstanding. Also, a indirect correlation between parental distress and the strategy of searching for emotional and instrumental solutions; as well as the subscale of stress derived from child care with the strategy of searching for emotional and instrumental solutions. Finally, a direct correlation was found between the total score of the Parental Stress Scale with the strategy of behavioral misunderstanding, indirect correlation of the strategy of searching for emotional with instrumental solutions and the strategy of focusing and releasing emotions.
The following study explored the association between the parental stress and the coping styles in parents of children with Down syndrome. The participants were 54 parents between the ages of 31 and 56 years old, where 37,16% (N=22) were fathers and 54.2% (N=32) were mothers, who were attending children’s center of special skills in Metropolitan Lima. The stress was measured with the questionnaire Parental Stress Index/short version (Abidin, 1995) and the coping with the Coping Estimation Questionnaire (Carver, Scheier and Weintraub 1989). The parent’s stress scores correspond to normal levels of parental stress according to the scales of test’s author. The coping strategies more used were the planning, acceptation, coping contention and searching of instrumental solutions. The results show a direct association between the subscales of parent-son dysfunctional interaction and parental distress with the strategy of behavioral misunderstanding. Also, a indirect correlation between parental distress and the strategy of searching for emotional and instrumental solutions; as well as the subscale of stress derived from child care with the strategy of searching for emotional and instrumental solutions. Finally, a direct correlation was found between the total score of the Parental Stress Scale with the strategy of behavioral misunderstanding, indirect correlation of the strategy of searching for emotional with instrumental solutions and the strategy of focusing and releasing emotions.
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Keywords
Stress (Psicología)--Perú--Lima--Investigaciones, Adaptación (Psicología), Síndrome de Down
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