¿Necesidad o Eficiencia? Apuntes sobre el desarrollo de las energías renovables en el Perú
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Date
2020-10-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La implementación de energía provenientes de recursos naturales renovables ha sido uno de los principales elementos de las políticas públicas de los países en el mundo para enfrentar el cambio climático. En su fase inicial, desarrollar este tipo de proyectos implicaba desembolsar grandes montos de inversión por lo que su implementación era inviable sin el apoyo de los Estados (subsidios, privilegios legales, entre otros), pues estos no podrían competir en libre competencia con las tecnologías tradicionales. Posteriormente, los precios asociados a las tecnologías de energías renovables han reducido su costo considerablemente por lo que conviene replantearse actualmente la idea de tener algún apoyo o respaldo para competir. Adicionalmente, en el caso concreto del Perú existen otros factores para considerar que en la actualidad el Estado Peruano no debería seguir otorgando privilegios a este tipo de tecnologías de forma generalizada; es decir, debería existir una focalización en el otorgamiento de ventajas debido a que es en muchos casos posible su implementación en el marco de las reglas del libre mercado.
The implementation of energy from renewable natural resources has been one of the main elements of the public policies of the countries in the world to face climate change. In its initial phase, developing this type of project implied disbursing large amounts of investment, so its implementation was not feasible without the support of the States (subsidies, legal privileges, among others), since they could not compete in free competition with the technologies traditional. Subsequently, the prices associated with renewable energy technologies have reduced their cost considerably, so it is now advisable to rethink the idea of having the support or backing to compete. Additionally, in the specific case of Peru there are other factors to consider that at present the Peruvian State should not continue to give privilege to this type of technology in a generalized way; in others words, there should be a focus on the granting of advantages because in many cases its implementation within the framework of free market rules is absolutely possible.
The implementation of energy from renewable natural resources has been one of the main elements of the public policies of the countries in the world to face climate change. In its initial phase, developing this type of project implied disbursing large amounts of investment, so its implementation was not feasible without the support of the States (subsidies, legal privileges, among others), since they could not compete in free competition with the technologies traditional. Subsequently, the prices associated with renewable energy technologies have reduced their cost considerably, so it is now advisable to rethink the idea of having the support or backing to compete. Additionally, in the specific case of Peru there are other factors to consider that at present the Peruvian State should not continue to give privilege to this type of technology in a generalized way; in others words, there should be a focus on the granting of advantages because in many cases its implementation within the framework of free market rules is absolutely possible.
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Derecho de la Energía, Energías Renovables, Eficiencia Económica, Competitividad, Generación Eléctrica
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