Crisis financiera, sistema monetario y el desafío de los países emergentes
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2011
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía
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Aunque en el debate sobre la crisis financiera se ha reconocido el rol jugado por el influjo de capitales extranjeros hacia Estados Unidos –el cual, conjuntamente con la desregulación financiera, hizo posible el crecimiento desmedido del crédito en ese país–, pensamos que aún no se ha reconocido la importancia de tal influjo, de su conexión con la forma asimétrica como está organizado el sistema monetario internacional, ni de su relación con el tipo de crecimiento adoptado por ese país en las últimas tres décadas, que pudo mantener su dinamismo gracias al aumento del gasto de los hogares financiado con crédito, y que mantuvo baja la inflación gracias a la importación de manufacturas baratas, al costo de ver caer la rentabilidad de su sector manufacturero. Sugerimos que la crisis surge por la imposibilidad de mantener ese tipo de crecimiento de manera indefinida, y que una recuperación requiere tanto la reforma del sistema monetario, como el aumento de la eficiencia económica a nivel mundial.
Although in the debate over the current financial crisis there is a general agreement on the role played by foreign capital inflows into the United States –that together with financial deregulation allowed for an excessive increase of credit in that country–, we think that their importance has not yet been recognized, nor their link with the asymmetrical organization of the international monetary system, nor their relationship with the economic growth model adopted by that country during the last thirty years, which relied on the increase of credit-financed households expenditures in order to maintain its dynamism, and that was able to keep inflation down by importing cheap foreign manufactures, at the cost of a drop in the profitability of its manufacturing sector. We suggest here that the crisis was caused by the impossibility of keeping this type of economic growth for an indefinite time, and that its solution will require a radical reform of the international monetary system, as well as a general increase in economic efficiency.
Although in the debate over the current financial crisis there is a general agreement on the role played by foreign capital inflows into the United States –that together with financial deregulation allowed for an excessive increase of credit in that country–, we think that their importance has not yet been recognized, nor their link with the asymmetrical organization of the international monetary system, nor their relationship with the economic growth model adopted by that country during the last thirty years, which relied on the increase of credit-financed households expenditures in order to maintain its dynamism, and that was able to keep inflation down by importing cheap foreign manufactures, at the cost of a drop in the profitability of its manufacturing sector. We suggest here that the crisis was caused by the impossibility of keeping this type of economic growth for an indefinite time, and that its solution will require a radical reform of the international monetary system, as well as a general increase in economic efficiency.
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Crisis financiera--Perú
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