Concepciones docentes sobre las estrategias de enseñanza de la lectoescritura en estudiantes con dislexia
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2022-03-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Esta investigación de enfoque cualitativo y de tipo descriptivo, aborda el tema de la
dislexia, una dificultad en la adquisición de la lectura y escritura, las cuales son
habilidades indispensables en el desarrollo académico y social del estudiante. Si bien
es poco estudiada en nuestro país, es esencial que los docentes que enseñan en el
nivel primario la conozcan, para brindar una adecuada intervención a través de las
estrategias de enseñanza. Por ello, el objetivo general es analizar las concepciones
de docentes de primaria sobre las estrategias de enseñanza de la lectoescritura en
estudiantes con dislexia. De los objetivos específicos, el primero consiste en:
identificar las concepciones que poseen los docentes de educación primaria acerca
de la dislexia: Concepto, origen, características, y consecuencias; y el segundo
objetivo específico es describir las concepciones de los docentes sobre las acciones
de intervención necesarias para atender a estudiantes con dislexia en el aula,
específicamente a través de las estrategias de enseñanza. La recolección de
información se realizó a través de la aplicación de una encuesta, así como una
entrevista a ocho docentes de 3° a 6° grado de educación primaria. Esta investigación
mostró que los docentes tienen ideas sobre qué es la dislexia, señalando que es una
dificultad en la que se encuentra involucrada la lectura y escritura. Además, la
experiencia en talleres es muy relevante, ya que los docentes que participaron de
algún taller sobre necesidades educativas especiales son los que poseen mayores
conocimientos sobre las estrategias para la enseñanza de la lectoescritura en
estudiantes con dislexia. A diferencia de aquellos que no asistieron, quienes conocen
algunas estrategias que no son específicas para desarrollar la lectoescritura en
estudiantes con esta dificultad. En este sentido, es importante que se continúe
investigando acerca de la dislexia con la finalidad de conocer cómo llevan a cabo los
docentes las adaptaciones y las estrategias para atender a los estudiantes
diagnosticados con esta dificultad.
This research presents a qualitative and descriptive approach. The subject of study is dyslexia, a difficulty in the acquisition of reading and writing, which are indispensable skills in the academic and social development of the student. Although it is little studied in our country, it is essential that teachers who teach at the primary level know about it, in order to provide an adequate intervention through teaching strategies. Therefore, the general objective is to analyze the conceptions of primary school teachers about teaching strategies for literacy in students with dyslexia. The specific objectives are: to identify the conceptions held by elementary school teachers about dyslexia: concept, characteristics, types, and consequences, and to describe the teachers' conceptions about the needs of students with dyslexia and the intervention actions necessary to address them in the classroom, specifically through teaching strategies. Information was collected through the application of a survey, as well as an interview with eight teachers from 3rd to 6th grade of elementary education. This research showed that teachers have ideas about what dyslexia is, pointing out that it is a difficulty in which reading and writing are involved. In addition, the experience in workshops is very relevant, since teachers who participated in a workshop on special educational needs are the ones who have more knowledge about strategies for teaching reading and writing to students with dyslexia. Unlike those who did not attend, who know some strategies that are not specific to develop literacy in students with this difficulty. In this sense, it is important to continue researching about dyslexia in order to know how teachers carry out adaptations and strategies to serve students diagnosed with this difficulty.
This research presents a qualitative and descriptive approach. The subject of study is dyslexia, a difficulty in the acquisition of reading and writing, which are indispensable skills in the academic and social development of the student. Although it is little studied in our country, it is essential that teachers who teach at the primary level know about it, in order to provide an adequate intervention through teaching strategies. Therefore, the general objective is to analyze the conceptions of primary school teachers about teaching strategies for literacy in students with dyslexia. The specific objectives are: to identify the conceptions held by elementary school teachers about dyslexia: concept, characteristics, types, and consequences, and to describe the teachers' conceptions about the needs of students with dyslexia and the intervention actions necessary to address them in the classroom, specifically through teaching strategies. Information was collected through the application of a survey, as well as an interview with eight teachers from 3rd to 6th grade of elementary education. This research showed that teachers have ideas about what dyslexia is, pointing out that it is a difficulty in which reading and writing are involved. In addition, the experience in workshops is very relevant, since teachers who participated in a workshop on special educational needs are the ones who have more knowledge about strategies for teaching reading and writing to students with dyslexia. Unlike those who did not attend, who know some strategies that are not specific to develop literacy in students with this difficulty. In this sense, it is important to continue researching about dyslexia in order to know how teachers carry out adaptations and strategies to serve students diagnosed with this difficulty.
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Trastornos del aprendizaje (Educación), Dislexia, Personal docente--Actitudes, Educación primaria
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