Entre la práctica y la severidad: Factores relacionados a la disciplina infantil. Una aproximación desde las características socioculturales, experiencias previas y representaciones sociales de castigo físico de madres peruanas
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2023-06-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Una encuesta realizada en el 2017 mostró que la mayoría de peruanos tiene
una actitud positiva hacia la obediencia de los niños, lo que llevaría implícito cierta
normalización de la disciplina y el uso de castigos como medios para formarlos. En
ese sentido, la presente investigación busca evaluar, desde una perspectiva
cuantitativa, la influencia de las características socioculturales, experiencias previas y
representaciones en torno al castigo físico de madres peruanas en las prácticas de
crianza en relación a la disciplina en el 2021, usando datos de la ENDES. El marco
conceptual planteado aborda la relación entre los conceptos mencionados, partiendo
de la noción de habitus de Bourdieu. Se ejecutan dos modelos de regresión logística
binomial, uno relacionado a las prácticas de castigo físico para comprobar la hipótesis,
y otro a las prácticas de castigo físico severas, para verificar la robustez de los
hallazgos, siempre controlando por las mismas variables. Los resultados muestran
que las prácticas de castigo físico se construyen, por una parte, por las características
socioculturales, por otra, por las experiencias de castigo físico, y también, por las
representaciones del mismo. Se concluye diciendo que son factores de riesgo un
menor nivel socioeconómico o educativo, el haber experimentado castigos físicos, o
tener representaciones positivas del mismo, pues aumentan la probabilidad, por un
lado, de usar castigos físicos, y por otro, de usar castigos físicos severos, como parte
de las prácticas de crianza. Adicionalmente, se proponen recomendaciones de política
para la implementación de programas enfocados en la prevención del castigo en la
infancia.
A survey made in 2017 showed that most Peruvians have a positive attitude toward children’s obedience, which implies some normalization of discipline and the use of punishment as a way to foster them. Thus, this study searches to analyze, from a quantitative perspective, the influence of sociocultural characteristics, previous punishment experiences, and social representations of physical punishment of Peruvian mothers in their parental practices concerning discipline in 2021 using data from ENDES. Using the concept of habitus from Bourdieu, the conceptual framework approaches the relationship between parental practices, previous experiences, social representations, and sociocultural characteristics. It executes two binomial logistic regression models, one about punishment practices to prove the hypothesis suggested and another one related to severe punishment practices to analyze robustness, regarding the same control variables in each case. Findings reveal that punishment practices are constructed, by one side, for sociocultural characteristics, by another, for previous punishment experiences, and, by one else, for punishment social representations. It concludes by saying that having a minor socioeconomic or educative level, having experienced physical punishment or having positive social punishment representations are risk factors because increase the likelihood, for one side, of using physical punishment, and for another, of using severe physical punishment as part of parental practices. Accordingly, some policy recommendations for the implementation of programs focus on the prevention of child punishment.
A survey made in 2017 showed that most Peruvians have a positive attitude toward children’s obedience, which implies some normalization of discipline and the use of punishment as a way to foster them. Thus, this study searches to analyze, from a quantitative perspective, the influence of sociocultural characteristics, previous punishment experiences, and social representations of physical punishment of Peruvian mothers in their parental practices concerning discipline in 2021 using data from ENDES. Using the concept of habitus from Bourdieu, the conceptual framework approaches the relationship between parental practices, previous experiences, social representations, and sociocultural characteristics. It executes two binomial logistic regression models, one about punishment practices to prove the hypothesis suggested and another one related to severe punishment practices to analyze robustness, regarding the same control variables in each case. Findings reveal that punishment practices are constructed, by one side, for sociocultural characteristics, by another, for previous punishment experiences, and, by one else, for punishment social representations. It concludes by saying that having a minor socioeconomic or educative level, having experienced physical punishment or having positive social punishment representations are risk factors because increase the likelihood, for one side, of using physical punishment, and for another, of using severe physical punishment as part of parental practices. Accordingly, some policy recommendations for the implementation of programs focus on the prevention of child punishment.
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Maternidad--Perú, Crianza de niños--Perú, Disciplina de niños--Perú, Castigos corporales--Perú
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