Autoreporte de discriminación y su relación con los estereotipos endogrupales y exogrupales en migrantes del interior del Perú en Lima y Callao
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2024-09-20
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación analiza cómo las experiencias de discriminación tienen incidencia en
la forma como los migrantes del interior del país en Lima se representan a sí mismos y a los
limeños. Para ello, se plantearon dos objetivos principales: (1) analizar las estructuras
factoriales de las Razones de migración y Experiencias de discriminación de los migrantes del
interior del país en Lima, y (2) estudiar las relaciones entre la ideología política dominante, las
dimensiones de la identidad colectiva de los migrantes, la representación estereotípica y
valoración de los limeños hechas por los migrantes, y las experiencias de discriminación de los
migrantes en Lima. Para ello, se contó con 203 personas originarias de distintas provincias del
Perú, de entre 18 y 71 años (M= 28.93, DE= 11.88), que habían migrado a Lima Metropolitana
o Callao. Los participantes manifestaron provenir de la Macrorregión Centro (32.8%), Norte
(23.6%), Sur (22.7%), Lima Región (5.9%) y Selva (3.9%). Los resultados muestran que las
razones de migración se pueden agrupar en dos componentes: (1) Búsqueda de Seguridad y
Bienestar, y (2) Búsqueda de oportunidades educativas y laborales. Además, existen dos
dimensiones de las experiencias de discriminación: (1) Discriminación por origen y raza, y (2)
Discriminación por nivel socioeconómico. Asimismo, las representaciones estereotípicas
positivas de los migrantes se asocian a representaciones estereotípicas positivas de los limeños.
También se observa que las experiencias de discriminación por origen y raza disminuyen la
Autoestima Colectiva del migrante; y que una mayor identificación con la categoría migrante
se correlaciona positivamente con la identificación con la región de origen y con Lima y los
limeños.
This research analyzes how experiences of discrimination have an impact on the way in which migrants from the interior of the country in Lima represent themselves and the limeños (native of Lima). To this end, two main objectives were proposed: (1) to analyze the factorial structures of the Reasons for Migration and Migrants’ experiences of discrimination, and (2) to study the relations between dominant political ideology, the dimensions of migrants’ collective identity, stereotypical representation and valuation migrants and limeños, and the migrants’ experiences of discrimination in Lima. To this end, 203 people from different provinces of Peru, between 18 and 71 years old (M= 28.93, DE= 11.88), who had migrated to Metropolitan Lima or Callao, were studied. Participants reported they came from the Central Macroregion (32.8%), North (23.6%), South (22.7%), Lima Region (5.9%) and Jungle (3.9%). The results show that the reasons for migration can be grouped into two components: Security and Wellbeing and Seeking educational and Labor improvements. In addition, there are two dimensions of discriminations’ experiences: Discrimination by origin and race, and Discrimination by socioeconomic status. Likewise, positive stereotypical self-representations of migrants are associated with positive stereotypical representations of the limeños. It is also observed that discriminations’ experiences by origin and race diminishes the migrant's collective self-esteem; and the greater identification with the migrant category is positively correlated with identification with the region of origin and with Lima and the limeños. Finally, the stereotypical dimensions of the limeños in terms of Warmth, Morality and Competence are predicted by different elements for each stereotypical dimension; while the appreciation of the limeños is predominantly predicted by the emotions towards them, and by the stereotypes of Warmth and Morality associated with the limeños.
This research analyzes how experiences of discrimination have an impact on the way in which migrants from the interior of the country in Lima represent themselves and the limeños (native of Lima). To this end, two main objectives were proposed: (1) to analyze the factorial structures of the Reasons for Migration and Migrants’ experiences of discrimination, and (2) to study the relations between dominant political ideology, the dimensions of migrants’ collective identity, stereotypical representation and valuation migrants and limeños, and the migrants’ experiences of discrimination in Lima. To this end, 203 people from different provinces of Peru, between 18 and 71 years old (M= 28.93, DE= 11.88), who had migrated to Metropolitan Lima or Callao, were studied. Participants reported they came from the Central Macroregion (32.8%), North (23.6%), South (22.7%), Lima Region (5.9%) and Jungle (3.9%). The results show that the reasons for migration can be grouped into two components: Security and Wellbeing and Seeking educational and Labor improvements. In addition, there are two dimensions of discriminations’ experiences: Discrimination by origin and race, and Discrimination by socioeconomic status. Likewise, positive stereotypical self-representations of migrants are associated with positive stereotypical representations of the limeños. It is also observed that discriminations’ experiences by origin and race diminishes the migrant's collective self-esteem; and the greater identification with the migrant category is positively correlated with identification with the region of origin and with Lima and the limeños. Finally, the stereotypical dimensions of the limeños in terms of Warmth, Morality and Competence are predicted by different elements for each stereotypical dimension; while the appreciation of the limeños is predominantly predicted by the emotions towards them, and by the stereotypes of Warmth and Morality associated with the limeños.
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Migrantes internos--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Discriminación racial--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Estereotipo (Psicología social)--Perú--Lima Metropolitana
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