Calidad en las empresas del sector agroexportador del Departamento de Ica
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2017-07-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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La presente investigación muestra una primera aproximación a la situación de la calidad
en las empresas del sector agroexportador en el departamento de Ica. Debido a la importancia
que tiene el sector agrícola en nuestro departamento así como en el país, surge la necesidad de
realizar esta investigación sobre sistemas de gestión de calidad, más aun cuando en nuestra
región la inversión privada y las empresas agroexportadoras son el principal pilar de la
economía.
El propósito de esta tesis, es determinar la importancia que tiene la gestión de la Calidad
de las empresas agroexportadoras en el departamento de Ica, así como identificar el nivel de
significancia en implementar los 9 factores de la Administración de la Calidad Total entre las
empresas que cuentan con sistemas de gestión de calidad con las empresas que no cuentan con
sistemas de gestión de calidad. Esto permitirá comparar las ventajas que podrían obtener con la
finalidad de ingresar a nuevos y mejores mercados interesados en la compra de sus productos
agrícolas, así como también en las mejoras sustanciales en los niveles de competitividad agrícola
en relación a otras empresas de diferentes mercados del mundo y la mejora en sus márgenes de
rentabilidad.
La investigación inicia con una reseña histórica de la calidad y su desarrollo en el tiempo,
se definió el problema, el objetivo general así como la hipótesis del estudio. Se recopilo amplia
literatura de la calidad en el sector agroexportador en el mundo, el país y en la región Ica. Se
realizó el análisis de la información recopilada en las encuestas realizadas y desarrollo este
estudio bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, puesto que considera variables con valores medibles a
través de preguntas cerradas. Las preguntas se diseñaron en torno a los nueve factores de éxito de
la calidad total, para ser respondidas por los principales representantes de las empresas
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agroexportadoras del departamento de Ica, entre ellos presidente, gerente general o jefes de
producción. Esta metodología ha sido utilizada en investigaciones realizadas por Benzaquen
(2013) en el Perú.
Posteriormente, se realizó el análisis de los resultados, se corroboraron y compararon los
niveles de cumplimiento percibidos por las empresas que poseen un sistema de gestión de
calidad, diferenciándolas de las que no lo tienen, en función de los nueve factores de éxito del
Total Quality Managenement (TQM) o Administración de la Calidad Total. La principal
conclusión de la investigación fue que las empresas que cuentan con un sistema de calidad
implementan y desarrollan con más eficiencia los factores del TQM, en comparación con las que
no cuentan con dicho sistema
Therefore this research was intended to be a first approach to the state of quality in the agro-export sector enterprises. Due to the importance of the agricultural sector in our department as well as in the country, there is a need to carry out this research on quality management systems, even more so when in our region private investment and agroexport companies are the main pillar of the economy. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the importance of quality management of agroexporting companies in the department of Ica, as well as to identify the level of significance among companies that have quality management systems with companies that do not have quality management systems. This will allow to compare the advantages that could be obtained in order to enter new and better markets interested in the purchase of their agricultural products, as well as in the substantial improvements in the levels of agricultural competitiveness in relation to other companies of different markets of the world and the improvement in its margins of profitability. The research begins with a historical review of quality and its development over time, defined the problem, the general objective as well as the hypothesis of the study. Extensive quality literature was collected in the agro-export sector in the world, the country and in the Ica region. The analysis of the information collected in the surveys was carried out and this study was developed under a quantitative approach, since it considers variables with measurable values through closed questions. The questions were designed around the nine success factors of total quality management, to be answered by the main representatives of the agro-export companies of the department of Ica, among them president, general manager or production managers. This methodology has been used in research carried out by Benzaquen (2013) in Peru. viii Subsequently, the analysis of the results was performed, corroborated and compared the levels of compliance perceived by companies that have a quality management system, differentiating them from those that do not, based on the nine success factors of Total Quality Managenement (TQM). The main conclusion of the investigation was that companies that have a quality system implement and develop TQM factors more efficiently, in comparison with those that do not have such a system
Therefore this research was intended to be a first approach to the state of quality in the agro-export sector enterprises. Due to the importance of the agricultural sector in our department as well as in the country, there is a need to carry out this research on quality management systems, even more so when in our region private investment and agroexport companies are the main pillar of the economy. The purpose of this thesis is to determine the importance of quality management of agroexporting companies in the department of Ica, as well as to identify the level of significance among companies that have quality management systems with companies that do not have quality management systems. This will allow to compare the advantages that could be obtained in order to enter new and better markets interested in the purchase of their agricultural products, as well as in the substantial improvements in the levels of agricultural competitiveness in relation to other companies of different markets of the world and the improvement in its margins of profitability. The research begins with a historical review of quality and its development over time, defined the problem, the general objective as well as the hypothesis of the study. Extensive quality literature was collected in the agro-export sector in the world, the country and in the Ica region. The analysis of the information collected in the surveys was carried out and this study was developed under a quantitative approach, since it considers variables with measurable values through closed questions. The questions were designed around the nine success factors of total quality management, to be answered by the main representatives of the agro-export companies of the department of Ica, among them president, general manager or production managers. This methodology has been used in research carried out by Benzaquen (2013) in Peru. viii Subsequently, the analysis of the results was performed, corroborated and compared the levels of compliance perceived by companies that have a quality management system, differentiating them from those that do not, based on the nine success factors of Total Quality Managenement (TQM). The main conclusion of the investigation was that companies that have a quality system implement and develop TQM factors more efficiently, in comparison with those that do not have such a system
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Palabras clave
Agricultura -- Perú, Exportaciones -- Perú, Investigación cuantitativa
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