International competition and inequality: a generalized ricardian model
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2014
Autores
Figueroa, Adolfo
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía
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¿Por qué la diferencia en salarios reales entre el primer mundo y el tercer mundo persiste después de tantos años de globalización rápida? El modelo standard neoclásico predice que los salarios reales se igualarán con el comercio, mientras que el modelo ricardiano no lo predice. Los hechos son así consistentes con el modelo ricardiano. Pero este modelo deja la distribución del ingreso indeterminada. El objetivo de este artículo es llenar ese vacío, mediante el desarrollo de un modelo ricardiano generalizado, en el cual la productividad laboral de los países es endógena y la desigualdad inicial de los países es exógena. El modelo es capaz de explicar las diferencias que observamos en productividad laboral, salario real y patrones del comercio entre países. Así, el modelo sugiere que la desigualdad inicial de las naciones juega un papel importante en la competencia internacional.
Why does the gap in real wage rates persist between the First World and the Third World after so many years of increasing globalization? The standard neoclassical trade model predicts that real wage rates will be equalized with international trade, whereas the standard Ricardian trade model does not. Facts are thus consistent with the Ricardian model. However, this model leaves undetermined income distribution. The objective of this paper is to fill this gap by developing a generalized Ricardian model, in which labor productivity levels across countries are endogenous and the initial inequality of countries is the exogenous variable. The model is able to explain the observed country differences in labor productivity levels, real wage rates, and patterns of trade. Thus, the model suggests that the initial inequality of countries plays a significant role in international competition.
Why does the gap in real wage rates persist between the First World and the Third World after so many years of increasing globalization? The standard neoclassical trade model predicts that real wage rates will be equalized with international trade, whereas the standard Ricardian trade model does not. Facts are thus consistent with the Ricardian model. However, this model leaves undetermined income distribution. The objective of this paper is to fill this gap by developing a generalized Ricardian model, in which labor productivity levels across countries are endogenous and the initial inequality of countries is the exogenous variable. The model is able to explain the observed country differences in labor productivity levels, real wage rates, and patterns of trade. Thus, the model suggests that the initial inequality of countries plays a significant role in international competition.
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Competencia internacional
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