Representaciones sociales acerca del trabajo doméstico infantil en adultas y niñas trabajadoras del hogar en Lima Metropolitana
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2021-02-26
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En la presente investigación se realizaron 18 entrevistas semi-estructuradas con el
objetivo de profundizar en las representaciones sociales (RS) acerca del trabajo doméstico
infantil (TDI) en trabajadoras domésticas adultas y niñas, diferenciando los contenidos
nucleares de aquellos periféricos y señalando los elementos comunes y diferentes entre
ambos grupos. Esto permitió conocer el sistema sociocultural que envuelve sus vivencias
y acepta la práctica del TDI como fenómeno social. De acuerdo con los hallazgos, las RS
sobre el TDI lo dibujan como una ocupación primordialmente femenina donde destacan
las labores de cuidado y cocina. Las adultas entrevistadas resaltan la compensación
material y formativa recibida y, los riesgos como elementos centrales en la valoración de
esta práctica; mientras que, entre las menores entrevistadas se generaría un sesgo dada su
falta de autorreconocimiento como trabajadoras domésticas al momento de valorar esta
labor. Además, como causa principal del TDI se ubica la disfunción familiar y su
repercusión en la situación económica. Y, como consecuencias se vuelve a destacar el
aprendizaje y la compensación material, al igual que los riesgos para las menores.
Finalmente, se hace notable el carácter social peyorativo que el TDI mantiene como
práctica; no obstante, ello no determina el involucramiento de las entrevistadas porque
hallan razones que legitiman su participación.
This research involves 18 semi-structured interviews that aimed to identify the social representations (SR) about the child domestic work (CDW) in women adults and girls domestic workers, differentiating the nuclear contents from those peripheral ones and pointing out the common and different elements in both groups. This allows to know the sociocultural system that surrounds their experiences and accepts the practice of CDW as a social phenomenon. According to the findings, the SR of the CDW draw it as a primarily feminine occupation where tasks such as care and cooking stand out. The interviewed adults highlight the material and formative compensation received and the risks as central elements in the evaluation of this practice, while among the minors interviewed, the lack of self-recognition as domestic workers produces a bias in the approach they have to this job. In addition, family dysfunction, and its repercussions on the economic situation, is considered the main cause of this activity. And among the consequences, the participants designate learning and material compensation, as well as the risks in minors, once again. Finally, it is remarkable the pejorative social character that the CDW maintains as a practice; however, it does not determine the involvement of the interviewees because they find reasons that legitimize their participation.
This research involves 18 semi-structured interviews that aimed to identify the social representations (SR) about the child domestic work (CDW) in women adults and girls domestic workers, differentiating the nuclear contents from those peripheral ones and pointing out the common and different elements in both groups. This allows to know the sociocultural system that surrounds their experiences and accepts the practice of CDW as a social phenomenon. According to the findings, the SR of the CDW draw it as a primarily feminine occupation where tasks such as care and cooking stand out. The interviewed adults highlight the material and formative compensation received and the risks as central elements in the evaluation of this practice, while among the minors interviewed, the lack of self-recognition as domestic workers produces a bias in the approach they have to this job. In addition, family dysfunction, and its repercussions on the economic situation, is considered the main cause of this activity. And among the consequences, the participants designate learning and material compensation, as well as the risks in minors, once again. Finally, it is remarkable the pejorative social character that the CDW maintains as a practice; however, it does not determine the involvement of the interviewees because they find reasons that legitimize their participation.
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Empleadas domésticas--Perú--Lima, Niños--Trabajo--Aspectos psicológicos, Representaciones sociales
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