Reconstrucción del proceso de constitución de los artesanos de Túcume: El líder y emprendedor Julián Bravo y la emblemática tejedora Susana Bances
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2019-09-02
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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Esta investigación lleva por objetivo la reconstrucción de los procesos de
constitución de dos actores sociales líderes y claves para el desarrollo de los sectores
cultural, patrimonial y artístico del Perú.
Las artesanas y artesanos peruanos históricamente han sido asociados a un sector
marginado y poco valorado de la población. En el Perú, el enfoque asistencialista de los
sectores tanto público como privado para con un sector artesanal muchas veces
considerado sólo funcional, ha solido causar más daño que bienestar.
Se vuelve por ello importante resaltar, desde la perspectiva de la Gerencia social,
aquellas iniciativas de emprendimiento social que han surgido de la mano de la identidad
cultural y territorial propias, contribuyendo a la formación de liderazgos. Es el caso de dos
artesanos del sector rural de nuestro país: el rescate y la continuidad de una importante
tradición ancestral a través del trabajo y el ingenio de Susana Bances Zeña; y la
innovación, creatividad y capacidad de gestión que aflora naturalmente en el empático
Dante Julián Bravo Calderón. Ambos, personajes nativos del pueblo de Túcume, en
Lambayeque.
De la observación y análisis cualitativo de estos dos particulares casos es posible
extraer diferentes lecturas que procuren a los gerentes sociales conocer de cerca la
realidad del sector artesanal peruano. Las recomendaciones, a su vez, apuntan a la forma
en cómo otras iniciativas de emprendimiento social pueden aportar al desarrollo local y la
generación de capital social, sobre todo en las regiones menos desarrolladas, pero
potencialmente ricas en recursos naturales y patrimoniales de nuestro país.
Los hallazgos de la presente investigación muestran que los liderazgos formados a
partir de las experiencias son legítimos, pero a la vez presentan una radiografía de los
procesos sufridos a lo largo de los últimos quince años que aún se encuentran inconclusos.
El estudio recomienda establecer desde un principio el vínculo de las personas con su
historia pasada y presente, fomentar el amor y respeto por su territorio y por su cultura, así
como diseñar herramientas y metodologías flexibles, que propicien la articulación natural
de todos los actores clave de la escena, a favor del desarrollo y de la permanente creación
del capital social de nuestras comunidades.
This research analyses the constitutional processes of two key social actors in the development of the cultural, patrimonial and artistic sectors of Peru. Peruvian artisans have historically been associated with a marginalized and undervalued sector of the population. In Peru, the welfare policies of both the public and private sectors for the artisans --often considered only functional--, has usually caused more harm than good. Therefore, it is important to highlight, from the perspective of Social Management, those social entrepreneurship initiatives that have arisen from their own cultural and territorial identity, contributing to the formation of leaderships. This is the case of two artisans from the rural sector of Peru: the preservation of an important ancestral tradition through the work and ingenuity of Susana Bances Zeña; and the innovation, creativity and management skills that emerge naturally from the work of Dante Julián Bravo Calderón, both native personalities of the town of Tucume, in Lambayeque. From the observation and qualitative analysis of these two particular cases it is possible to extract different readings that allow social managers to know closely the reality of the Peruvian artisanal sector. The recommendations, in turn, point to the way in which other initiatives of social entrepreneurship can contribute to local development and the generation of social capital. This is relevant especially in the less developed regions, which are potentially rich in natural and patrimonial resources. The findings of the present investigation show that experience-based leaderships are legitimate, but at the same time they present a blueprint of the processes suffered over the last fifteen years that are still inconclusive. This study recommends linking people with their past and present history from the beginning, fostering love and respect for their territory and their culture, as well as designing flexible tools and methodologies, which propitiate the natural articulation of all the key actors, in favor of the development and permanent creation of the communities’ social capital.
This research analyses the constitutional processes of two key social actors in the development of the cultural, patrimonial and artistic sectors of Peru. Peruvian artisans have historically been associated with a marginalized and undervalued sector of the population. In Peru, the welfare policies of both the public and private sectors for the artisans --often considered only functional--, has usually caused more harm than good. Therefore, it is important to highlight, from the perspective of Social Management, those social entrepreneurship initiatives that have arisen from their own cultural and territorial identity, contributing to the formation of leaderships. This is the case of two artisans from the rural sector of Peru: the preservation of an important ancestral tradition through the work and ingenuity of Susana Bances Zeña; and the innovation, creativity and management skills that emerge naturally from the work of Dante Julián Bravo Calderón, both native personalities of the town of Tucume, in Lambayeque. From the observation and qualitative analysis of these two particular cases it is possible to extract different readings that allow social managers to know closely the reality of the Peruvian artisanal sector. The recommendations, in turn, point to the way in which other initiatives of social entrepreneurship can contribute to local development and the generation of social capital. This is relevant especially in the less developed regions, which are potentially rich in natural and patrimonial resources. The findings of the present investigation show that experience-based leaderships are legitimate, but at the same time they present a blueprint of the processes suffered over the last fifteen years that are still inconclusive. This study recommends linking people with their past and present history from the beginning, fostering love and respect for their territory and their culture, as well as designing flexible tools and methodologies, which propitiate the natural articulation of all the key actors, in favor of the development and permanent creation of the communities’ social capital.
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Liderazgo--Perú, Artesanos peruanos, Capital social--Perú, Emprendimiento social
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