Planeamiento estratégico del sector de distribución de energía eléctrica
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2017-03-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En los últimos años el Perú ha mantenido un crecimiento económico sostenido, lo que ha permitido que las inversiones públicas y privadas se intensifiquen en materia de salud, educación, e infraestructura. Parte de este incremento en las inversiones fue destinada a sectores como la generación, transmisión, y distribución eléctrica; lo que ha permitido incrementar el acceso al servicio de suministro eléctrico a poblaciones que antes no lo tenían. Sin embargo, a pesar que el Perú actualmente está generando energía suficiente para el abastecimiento de la población, aún no llega a toda la población por diversos factores, entre ellos la geografía y la baja densidad poblacional de pueblos alejados de las grandes ciudades.
El enfoque del presente trabajo, es el desarrollar una propuesta estratégica que ayude a brindar acceso de los servicios de electricidad a la totalidad de la población peruana generando desarrollo. A partir del análisis preliminar, se concluye que para fomentar la inversión en el sector de distribución y así poder cumplir con el objetivo de dar acceso a la totalidad de la población, es importante el rol que desempeña el Estado peruano ya sea como ente regulador o como inversionista; ello debido a que la inversión privada busca siempre que los proyectos sean rentables y por sí misma no tendría la capacidad de cubrir toda la demanda, por lo que se hace indispensable establecer estrategias con la participación conjunta tanto del sector público como del privado.
En la presente tesis se ha desarrollado un planeamiento estratégico basado en los principios del Modelo Secuencial del Proceso Estratégico, cuyas recomendaciones y conclusiones para lograr la situación futura deseada del sector distribución, podrán verse al final del presente documento. Entre lo más relevante sobre el análisis realizado, se puede mencionar que es necesario que el Estado cambie la normatividad en el sector eléctrico en general (incluyendo al sector de distribución eléctrica); sobre todo en la distribución de los territorios a concesionar tomando como referencia las macroregiones propuestas en el estudio
de competitividad de CENTRUM Católica. Otro aspecto importante del presente análisis es la penetración en el mercado de los clientes no regulados (mercado libre de clientes con alto consumo de energía) con el fin de que las empresas de distribución eléctrica puedan generar mayor diversificación y obtención de rentabilidad adicional para poder compensar la rentabilidad de proyectos menos atractivos pero necesarios para abastecer de energía eléctrica a toda la población y permitir su desarrollo
In recent years, Peru has maintained sustained economic growth, which has allowed public and private investment to improve health, education and infrastructure sectors. Part of this increase in investments was allocated to sectors such as electrical generation, transmission and distribution, which has increased the access to populations that previously had no access to the electricity supply service. Nonetheless, although Peru is currently generating enough energy to supply its population, it still does not reach the entire population due to factors such as geography and the low population density of villages far from large cities. The approach of this work is to develop a strategic proposal that will help to provide the entire Peruvian population with access of electricity services, thus generating development. Based on prior analysis, it is understood that in order to promote investment in the distribution sector and thus achieving the objective of providing access to the entire population, the role played by the Peruvian state is important, either as a regulatory entity or as an investor. This is due to the fact that private investment will always seek to make projects profitable and would not have the capacity to cover all the demand by itself. It is therefore essential to establish strategies with the joint participation of both public and private sectors. In this thesis, a strategic planning has been developed based on the principles of the Sequential Model of the Strategic Process, whose recommendations and conclusions to achieve the desired future situation of the distribution sector are available at the end of this document. Among the most relevant facts regarding the results obtained, it should be mentioned that the government must change the rules in the distribution of the territories to be granted in concession, taking as reference the macro-regions proposed in the competitiveness study prepared by CENTRUM Católica. Moreover, the sector must penetrate the market of unregulated customers so that it can generate greater diversification and obtain additional profitability in order to compensate the cost effectiveness of projects that are less profitable but necessary to supply the entire population
In recent years, Peru has maintained sustained economic growth, which has allowed public and private investment to improve health, education and infrastructure sectors. Part of this increase in investments was allocated to sectors such as electrical generation, transmission and distribution, which has increased the access to populations that previously had no access to the electricity supply service. Nonetheless, although Peru is currently generating enough energy to supply its population, it still does not reach the entire population due to factors such as geography and the low population density of villages far from large cities. The approach of this work is to develop a strategic proposal that will help to provide the entire Peruvian population with access of electricity services, thus generating development. Based on prior analysis, it is understood that in order to promote investment in the distribution sector and thus achieving the objective of providing access to the entire population, the role played by the Peruvian state is important, either as a regulatory entity or as an investor. This is due to the fact that private investment will always seek to make projects profitable and would not have the capacity to cover all the demand by itself. It is therefore essential to establish strategies with the joint participation of both public and private sectors. In this thesis, a strategic planning has been developed based on the principles of the Sequential Model of the Strategic Process, whose recommendations and conclusions to achieve the desired future situation of the distribution sector are available at the end of this document. Among the most relevant facts regarding the results obtained, it should be mentioned that the government must change the rules in the distribution of the territories to be granted in concession, taking as reference the macro-regions proposed in the competitiveness study prepared by CENTRUM Católica. Moreover, the sector must penetrate the market of unregulated customers so that it can generate greater diversification and obtain additional profitability in order to compensate the cost effectiveness of projects that are less profitable but necessary to supply the entire population
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Energía eléctrica -- Perú, Planificación estratégica
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