An elementary proof of Poincaré’s last geometric theorem
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2021-02-01
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Mostramos que el teorema de punto fijo de Poincaré-Birkhoff puede ser probado vía una extensión del acercamiento geométrico originalmente divisado por el propio Poincaré, junto con algunos resultados elementales de topología diferencial. Tras un ejemplo de aplicación del teorema, procedemos a sistemáticamente construir y clasificar cierto conjunto de curvas invariantes y sus puntos críticos. Esta clasificación es luego utilizada para probar la corrección de un procedimiento que garantiza la existencia de por lo menos dos puntos fijos de cualquier función twist de un anillo siempre que admita una integral invariante positiva.
It is shown that the Poincaré-Birkhoff fixed point theorem may be proved by extending the geometric approach originally devised by Henri Poincar´e himself, along with several results from elementary differential topology. Beginning with a sample application of the theorem, we proceed by systematically constructing and classifying a certain set of invariant curves and their critical points. This classification is then used to prove the correctness of a procedure which guarantees the existence of at least two fixed points for any twist map of the annulus admitting a positive integral invariant.
It is shown that the Poincaré-Birkhoff fixed point theorem may be proved by extending the geometric approach originally devised by Henri Poincar´e himself, along with several results from elementary differential topology. Beginning with a sample application of the theorem, we proceed by systematically constructing and classifying a certain set of invariant curves and their critical points. This classification is then used to prove the correctness of a procedure which guarantees the existence of at least two fixed points for any twist map of the annulus admitting a positive integral invariant.
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Dinámica, topología diferencial, Problema restringido de los tres cuerpos
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