Redes de soporte social de las mujeres ejecutivas en Lima Metropolitana
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Date
2018-05-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación ha tenido como objetivo principal analizar las características
estructurales de la red de soporte social, así como las funciones que cumplen en las mujeres
ejecutivas de Lima Metropolitana. El marco conceptual es una adaptación del modelo de
Berkman y Glass (2000) quienes analizaron la estructura y funciones de las redes sociales y
sus repercusiones en la salud humana.
El tipo de estudio es descriptivo y tiene un enfoque cualitativo. En la población y
muestra se consideró 15 casos de mujeres ejecutivas que ejercen un cargo de gerente,
directoras, jefas, y en algunos casos, se incluyó a aquellas mujeres que tienen mandos medios
en sus empresas o instituciones donde laboran. Se realizó un muestreo por propósito, con una
combinación de dos técnicas: (a) bola de nieve y (b) máxima variación. Se utilizó entrevistas
semi-estructuradas bajo un diseño holístico.
Según los objetivos específicos propuestos, se logró analizar: (a) el tamaño o
extensión de la red (b) el grado de intensidad de la red soporte social de las mujeres
ejecutivas de Lima Metropolitana, (c) la distancia geográfica o accesibilidad de la red de
soporte social, (d) la homogeneidad o heterogeneidad de la red de soporte social con respecto
a variables demográficas y socioculturales como sexo, edad, y nivel educativo, (e) la
frecuencia que hay con la red de soporte social, (f ) el tiempo que mantiene la red de soporte
social, (g) la función prevaleciente (apoyo emocional, instrumental e informativo) que
cumple la red de soporte social, (h) la ayuda directa que recibe de la red de soporte social, (i)
la contribución a la salud emocional de la red de soporte social, y (j) la importancia de la red
de soporte social en el puesto que desempeñan las mujeres ejecutivas de Lima Metropolitana.
La investigación concluye que la red de soporte social de las mujeres ejecutivas de
Lima Metropolitana ocupa un lugar primordial y contribuye en el buen desempeño del cargo
que ejercen.
The goal of this investigation is to analyze the structural features of the supportive social networks, as well as the functions they perform on executive women in metropolitan Lima. The conceptual frame is an adaptation of Berkman & Glass model (2000), who analyzed the structure and functions of social networks and their impact on human health. This investigation is descriptive and presents a qualitative approach. Fifteen women, who were chief executives, directors, heads, and in some cases, women who have middle charges at the companies or institutions where they work, were considered in the population and sample. Purposive sampling was applied with a combination of two techniques: (a) snowball and (b) maximum variation. Semi-structured interviews were used under a holistic design. According to the specific objectives that were proposed, the following were able to be analyzed: (a) the net size or extension, (b) the grade of intensity of supportive social network of executive women in metropolitan Lima, (c) the geographic distance or accessibility to the supportive social network, (d) homogeneity or heterogeneity at the supportive social network in regards to demographical and sociocultural variables such as sex, age, and level of education, (e) the frequency with the supportive social network, (f) the time that the supportive social network maintains, (g) the prevalent function (emotional, instrumental and informative support), (h) direct help that the supportive social network receives, (i) contribution to emotional help at the supportive social network, and (j) the importance of the supportive social network at the charge that executive women in metropolitan Lima have. The investigation has the conclusion that the supportive social network of executive women in metropolitan Lima is a crucial point, and contributes to a good performance at the charge they have.
The goal of this investigation is to analyze the structural features of the supportive social networks, as well as the functions they perform on executive women in metropolitan Lima. The conceptual frame is an adaptation of Berkman & Glass model (2000), who analyzed the structure and functions of social networks and their impact on human health. This investigation is descriptive and presents a qualitative approach. Fifteen women, who were chief executives, directors, heads, and in some cases, women who have middle charges at the companies or institutions where they work, were considered in the population and sample. Purposive sampling was applied with a combination of two techniques: (a) snowball and (b) maximum variation. Semi-structured interviews were used under a holistic design. According to the specific objectives that were proposed, the following were able to be analyzed: (a) the net size or extension, (b) the grade of intensity of supportive social network of executive women in metropolitan Lima, (c) the geographic distance or accessibility to the supportive social network, (d) homogeneity or heterogeneity at the supportive social network in regards to demographical and sociocultural variables such as sex, age, and level of education, (e) the frequency with the supportive social network, (f) the time that the supportive social network maintains, (g) the prevalent function (emotional, instrumental and informative support), (h) direct help that the supportive social network receives, (i) contribution to emotional help at the supportive social network, and (j) the importance of the supportive social network at the charge that executive women in metropolitan Lima have. The investigation has the conclusion that the supportive social network of executive women in metropolitan Lima is a crucial point, and contributes to a good performance at the charge they have.
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Mujeres ejecutivas, Investigación cualitativa
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