Buenas prácticas en la gestión del riesgo de fraude interno: casos de tres bancos de Lima Metropolitana
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Date
2019-10-14
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Las entidades del sistema financiero peruano se encuentran expuestas a diversos tipos
de riesgo, entre ellos, el riesgo operacional, el cual incluye un tipo de evento de pérdida que
es el fraude interno. Si bien, dicho riesgo está presente en todas las organizaciones, en el
sector bancario es más relevante debido a que su actividad económica principal es la
intermediación financiera, la cual involucra una alta cantidad de transacciones monetarias
realizadas por sus empleados, siendo más vulnerable al fraude interno. De acuerdo a estudios
realizados por el organismo Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE, 2016a), se
encontró que el fraude realizado por los colaboradores de la empresa representa un alto
porcentaje del total de fraudes efectuados en el sector. Ante ello, los organismos reguladores
como el Fondos de Pensiones (SBS) han establecido un marco regulatorio con la finalidad de
gestionar adecuadamente el riesgo operacional, y con ello brindar solidez y estabilidad al
sistema bancario. Así también, diversas investigaciones sugieren las mejores prácticas para
realizar esta gestión, como la implementación de procesos de prevención, detección, y un
plan de acción ante eventos de fraude interno (Ernest & Young, 2016; Olcina, 2016; Riera &
Ruano, 2016; Zayas, 2016). Por ello, en la presente tesis, con el objetivo de describir las
buenas prácticas para la gestión del riesgo de fraude interno en el sistema financiero peruano,
se realizó una investigación de enfoque cualitativo, a través de entrevistas a los funcionarios
encargados de la gestión de este riesgo, y se contrastó la información obtenida con la
literatura revisada. Se identificó un conjunto de buenas prácticas implementadas en los
bancos seleccionados, encontrándose similitud entre ellos y lo recomendado por las diversas
investigaciones. Asimismo, las entidades evaluadas coincidieron en que las pérdidas
monetarias por este tipo de evento son variables de un año a otro, y por lo tanto es
complicado predecirlas.
The entities of the peruvian financial system are exposed to different types of risk, as well as operational risk, which includes a type of loss event that is internal fraud. Although, this risk takes place in every organization, in the banking sector it is more relevant because of its main economic activity is financial intermediation, which involves a high amount of monetary transactions carried out by its employees, being more vulnerable to internal fraud. According to studies carried out by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE, 2016a), it was found that, the fraud carried out by company employees represents a high percentage of the total events of fraud carried out in the sector. Given this, regulatory agencies such as the Basel Committee and in Peru, the Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y Administradora de Fondos de Pensiones (SBS) have established a regulatory framework in which they establish the main activities for managing operational risk, and thereby providing solidity and stability to the system banking. Likewise, several investigations have identified the best practices to carry out this management, such as the implementation of prevention and detection processes and the definition of an action plan to confront event of internal fraud (Ernest & Young, 2016; Olcina, 2016; Riera & Ruano, 2016; Zayas, 2016). Therefore, in this thesis, seeking to identify good practices for the management of internal fraud risk in the peruvian financial system, it was conducted a qualitative approach investigation, in which, through interviews with the officials in charge of managing this risk, it has been obtained information that has been checked against the reviewed literature. A set of good practices implemented in the selected banks were identified, also similarities were found between them, and the best practices recommended by the various investigations. Likewise, the entities evaluated agreed that monetary losses for this type of event are variable from one year to another, and therefore it is difficult to predict them.
The entities of the peruvian financial system are exposed to different types of risk, as well as operational risk, which includes a type of loss event that is internal fraud. Although, this risk takes place in every organization, in the banking sector it is more relevant because of its main economic activity is financial intermediation, which involves a high amount of monetary transactions carried out by its employees, being more vulnerable to internal fraud. According to studies carried out by the Association of Certified Fraud Examiners (ACFE, 2016a), it was found that, the fraud carried out by company employees represents a high percentage of the total events of fraud carried out in the sector. Given this, regulatory agencies such as the Basel Committee and in Peru, the Superintendencia de Banca, Seguros y Administradora de Fondos de Pensiones (SBS) have established a regulatory framework in which they establish the main activities for managing operational risk, and thereby providing solidity and stability to the system banking. Likewise, several investigations have identified the best practices to carry out this management, such as the implementation of prevention and detection processes and the definition of an action plan to confront event of internal fraud (Ernest & Young, 2016; Olcina, 2016; Riera & Ruano, 2016; Zayas, 2016). Therefore, in this thesis, seeking to identify good practices for the management of internal fraud risk in the peruvian financial system, it was conducted a qualitative approach investigation, in which, through interviews with the officials in charge of managing this risk, it has been obtained information that has been checked against the reviewed literature. A set of good practices implemented in the selected banks were identified, also similarities were found between them, and the best practices recommended by the various investigations. Likewise, the entities evaluated agreed that monetary losses for this type of event are variable from one year to another, and therefore it is difficult to predict them.
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Instituciones financieras--Perú, Bancos--Perú
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