Entidades financieras vs adultos mayores: ¿La edad puede ser considerada como un criterio válido para el otorgamiento del Crédito Hipotecario y Nuevo Crédito MiVivienda?
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2024-04-22
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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En el presente trabajo se buscará abordar un tema sumamente controversial que
son los criterios para acceder a créditos hipotecarios, implementados por las
entidades del sistema financiero. En ese sentido, nos basaremos en la
Resolución N° 2025-2019-SPC/INDECOPI, como un caso ilustrativo, donde se
analizó si la edad puede ser considerada como un criterio objetivo y razonable,
o si por el contrario, configuraría un caso de discriminación en el consumo,
particularmente hacia la población adulta mayor.
Bajo esa premisa, primero se abordará el marco normativo sobre la
discriminación y su regulación en la Ley N° 29571. Segundo, se presentarán las
dos posturas contrapuestas, por un lado la perspectiva del adulto mayor y su
protección, y por el otro, la de las entidades financieras. Tercero, se procederá
con aplicación al caso en concreto, centrándonos en dos productos financieros:
a) Crédito Hipotecario y b) Nuevo Crédito MiVivienda.
Siendo así, concluyo que, la inclusión de la edad, como un criterio único y
excluyente, sí configura una infracción al artículo 38 de la Ley N°29571.
Principalmente, porque se ha constatado que las entidades del sistema
financiero sí cuentan con herramientas adecuadas para evaluar si califica o no
el solicitante. Asimismo, desde la perspectiva de derecho humanos, este asunto
reviste una significativa importancia en el ámbito de la inclusión financiera y la
prevención de la discriminación hacia la población adulta mayor, aspecto
vinculado tanto a obligaciones nacionales como internacionales. Finalmente,
resulta importante señalar la responsabilidad inherente del Estado, pues a lo
largo del texto se evidencia la carencia de normas sectoriales o incentivos
destinados a la protección del adulto mayor en el sector financiero.
In the present paper, we aim to address a highly controversial issue: the criteria for accessing mortgage loans implemented by entities in the financial system. In this regard, we will draw on Resolution 2025-2019-SPC/INDECOPI as an illustrative case, where we analyze whether age can be considered an objective and reasonable criterion or, conversely, if it would constitute a case of discrimination in consumption, particularly towards the older population. Under this premise, the normative framework on discrimination and its regulation will be addressed first in Act N° 29571. Secondly, we will present the two opposing positions: on the one hand, the perspective of the elderly and their protection, and on the other, that of financial institutions. Thirdly, we will proceed with the application to the specific case, focusing on two financial products: a) Crédito Hipotecario and b) Nuevo Crédito MiVivienda.. Consequently, I conclude that the inclusion of age, as a sole and exclusive criterion, does constitute a violation of Article 38 of Law N° 29571. This is primarily because it has been found that entities in the financial system do have adequate tools to assess whether or not the applicant qualifies. Moreover, from a human rights perspective, this issue holds significant importance in the area of financial inclusion and the prevention of discrimination against the older population, linking to both national and international obligations. Finally, it is crucial to highlight the inherent responsibility of the State, as the text provides evidence of the lack of sectoral rules or incentives aimed at protecting the elderly in the financial sector.
In the present paper, we aim to address a highly controversial issue: the criteria for accessing mortgage loans implemented by entities in the financial system. In this regard, we will draw on Resolution 2025-2019-SPC/INDECOPI as an illustrative case, where we analyze whether age can be considered an objective and reasonable criterion or, conversely, if it would constitute a case of discrimination in consumption, particularly towards the older population. Under this premise, the normative framework on discrimination and its regulation will be addressed first in Act N° 29571. Secondly, we will present the two opposing positions: on the one hand, the perspective of the elderly and their protection, and on the other, that of financial institutions. Thirdly, we will proceed with the application to the specific case, focusing on two financial products: a) Crédito Hipotecario and b) Nuevo Crédito MiVivienda.. Consequently, I conclude that the inclusion of age, as a sole and exclusive criterion, does constitute a violation of Article 38 of Law N° 29571. This is primarily because it has been found that entities in the financial system do have adequate tools to assess whether or not the applicant qualifies. Moreover, from a human rights perspective, this issue holds significant importance in the area of financial inclusion and the prevention of discrimination against the older population, linking to both national and international obligations. Finally, it is crucial to highlight the inherent responsibility of the State, as the text provides evidence of the lack of sectoral rules or incentives aimed at protecting the elderly in the financial sector.
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Protección del consumidor--Perú, Sistema financiero--Perú, Adulto mayor--Perú