Estrategias docentes para el desarrollo del componente pragmático del lenguaje en niños de cuatro años en una Institución Educativa Estatal del Cercado De Lima
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Date
2021-01-15
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El enfoque de la investigación es cualitativo y las técnicas que se utilizan son la
observación y la entrevista, teniendo como objetivo general analizar las estrategias
docentes para el desarrollo del componente pragmático del lenguaje en los niños de
cuatro años en una institución educativa estatal del Cercado de Lima, y como
objetivos específicos: Describir cómo se trabajan las habilidades no lingüísticas y
paralingüísticas, describir cómo se trabajan las funciones comunicativas, y describir
cómo se trabaja el discurso conversacional. Este estudio resulta fundamental porque
se aborda de manera diferenciada la comunicación, el lenguaje y el habla, y permite
comprender las estrategias didácticas que se utilizan para desarrollar el componente
pragmático en las interacciones comunicativas cotidianas. Los resultados muestran
que las docentes utilizan con poca frecuencia estrategias para el desarrollo del
componente pragmático del lenguaje. En relación a las habilidades no lingüísticas y
paralingüísticas, las docentes las utilizan en sus prácticas cotidianas; las primeras se
trabajan a partir de estrategias como la atención conjunta y simulación, teatro y
dramatización; mientras que las habilidades paralingüísticas son confundidas con el
lenguaje oral. Respecto a las funciones comunicativas, algunas docentes cuentan
con una conceptualización teórica clara y se utiliza con mayor frecuencia las
funciones comunicativas heurística, personal y textual. El discurso conversacional se
trabaja con mayor frecuencia en los momentos de la sesión y asamblea, sin embargo,
solo una docente promueve la participación igualitaria de todos los estudiantes.
The focus of the research is qualitative and the techniques used are observation and interview, with the general objective of analyzing the teaching strategies for the development of the pragmatic component of language in four-year-old children in a state educational institution of Cercado de Lima, and as specific objectives: Describe how non-linguistic and paralinguistic skills are handled, describe how communicative functions are handled, and describe how conversational discourse works. This study is essential because communication, language and speech are approached in a differentiated way, and allows us to understand the didactic strategies used to develop the pragmatic component in everyday communicative interactions. The results indicated that teachers rarely use strategies for the development of the pragmatic component of language. In relation to non-linguistic and paralinguistic skills, teachers practice in their daily practices; the first are strategies based on strategies such as joint attention and simulation, theater and dramatization; while paralinguistic skills are confused with oral language. Regarding communicative functions, some teachers have a clear theoretical conceptualization and heuristic, personal and textual communicative functions are used more frequently. Conversational discourse is most frequently worked at the time of the session and assembly, however, only one teacher promotes equal participation of all students.
The focus of the research is qualitative and the techniques used are observation and interview, with the general objective of analyzing the teaching strategies for the development of the pragmatic component of language in four-year-old children in a state educational institution of Cercado de Lima, and as specific objectives: Describe how non-linguistic and paralinguistic skills are handled, describe how communicative functions are handled, and describe how conversational discourse works. This study is essential because communication, language and speech are approached in a differentiated way, and allows us to understand the didactic strategies used to develop the pragmatic component in everyday communicative interactions. The results indicated that teachers rarely use strategies for the development of the pragmatic component of language. In relation to non-linguistic and paralinguistic skills, teachers practice in their daily practices; the first are strategies based on strategies such as joint attention and simulation, theater and dramatization; while paralinguistic skills are confused with oral language. Regarding communicative functions, some teachers have a clear theoretical conceptualization and heuristic, personal and textual communicative functions are used more frequently. Conversational discourse is most frequently worked at the time of the session and assembly, however, only one teacher promotes equal participation of all students.
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Keywords
Educación preescolar--Perú--Lima--Investigaciones, Niños--Lenguaje, Comunicación oral--Estudio y enseñanza, Pragmatismo
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