La autonomía reproductiva en el crimen de embarazo forzado en el Derecho Penal Internacional
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2024-05-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Resumen
Este trabajo aborda el bien jurídico protegido de la autonomía reproductiva del crimen de
embarazo forzado desde el Derecho Penal Internacional, a propósito de la sentencia del
caso Prosecutor Vs. Dominic Ongwen ante la Corte Penal Internacional. En ese sentido,
se parte con el análisis de la evolución histórica y normativa de los crímenes sexuales y de
género, desde los primeros tribunales penales internacionales como el de Nuremberg y
Tokio, hasta llegar a los tribunales ad hoc de la ex-Yugoslavia y Ruanda. Posteriormente,
se analiza el pronunciamiento de la Corte Penal Internacional sobre la primera sanción en
la historia de la CPI por el crimen de “forced pregnancy”, mediante la cual concluimos que
la misma resulta ser insuficienciente. Con ello, consideramos que la Corte Penal
Internacional pudo abordar y desarrollar de forma más amplia el bien jurídico protegido de
autonomía reproductiva, en virtud y aplicación del artículo 21.3 del ER sobre el derecho
aplicable. Por lo tanto, nuestra postura, en el presente trabajo, plantea abordar este tema
desde un enfoque de integración sistémica entre las ramas del Derecho Penal Internacional
(DPI) y el Derecho Internacional de los Derechos Humanos (DIDH) que permite abordar de
manera amplia las implicancias en las víctimas de la lesión al bien jurídico protegido del
crimen de embarazo forzado y los derechos humanos conexos al mismo.
This work addresses the protected legal good of reproductive autonomy from the crime of forced pregnancy from International Criminal Law, regarding the ruling of the Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen case before the International Criminal Court. In this sense, it begins with the analysis of the historical and normative evolution of sexual and gender crimes, from the first international criminal courts such as Nuremberg and Tokyo, to the ad hoc courts of the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Subsequently, the ruling of the International Criminal Court on the first sanction in the history of the ICC for the crime of “forced pregnancy” is analyzed, through which we conclude that it turns out to be insufficient. With this, we consider that the International Criminal Court was able to address and develop more broadly the protected legal good of reproductive autonomy, by virtue of and application of article 21.3 of the ER on the applicable law. Therefore, our position, in this work, proposes addressing this issue from a systemic integration approach between the branches of International Criminal Law (ICL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) that allows us to comprehensively address the implications for the victims of the injury to the legal good protected by the crime of forced pregnancy and the human rights connected to it.
This work addresses the protected legal good of reproductive autonomy from the crime of forced pregnancy from International Criminal Law, regarding the ruling of the Prosecutor v. Dominic Ongwen case before the International Criminal Court. In this sense, it begins with the analysis of the historical and normative evolution of sexual and gender crimes, from the first international criminal courts such as Nuremberg and Tokyo, to the ad hoc courts of the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda. Subsequently, the ruling of the International Criminal Court on the first sanction in the history of the ICC for the crime of “forced pregnancy” is analyzed, through which we conclude that it turns out to be insufficient. With this, we consider that the International Criminal Court was able to address and develop more broadly the protected legal good of reproductive autonomy, by virtue of and application of article 21.3 of the ER on the applicable law. Therefore, our position, in this work, proposes addressing this issue from a systemic integration approach between the branches of International Criminal Law (ICL) and International Human Rights Law (IHRL) that allows us to comprehensively address the implications for the victims of the injury to the legal good protected by the crime of forced pregnancy and the human rights connected to it.
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Embarazo--Aspectos psicológicos, Derechos humanos, Violencia contra la mujer, Derecho penal internacional, Corte Penal Internacional--Jurisprudencia
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