Estudio de caso de un niño de 10 años con dificultades específicas de aprendizaje en lectura y escritura
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Date
2021-06-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
Una adecuada adquisición de las aptitudes académicas básicas (lectura, escritura, matemática) juegan un rol
determinante en la vida de los niños en edad escolar. Ya que condicionarán de forma directa su desempeño
escolar de manera favorable o limitante. Actualmente muchos niños manifiestan alteraciones para percibir o
procesar información de manera eficiente y precisa, dificultando la adquisición de la lectoescritura a pesar de
poseer un nivel de funcionamiento intelectual en la norma. El objetivo del estudio de caso en mención es
estructurar un plan de evaluación e intervención coherente con las necesidades que manifiesta un niño de 10
años y 3 meses de edad, con dificultades en el proceso léxico de la lectura y en el proceso léxico ortográfico
de la escritura, esta evidente falta de consolidación y automatización estarían impactando en los procesos de
alto nivel de la lectoescritura. La intervención enfatizó las áreas y procesos que se hallaron disminuidos en
relación a su grado y edad detectados en la evaluación. Centrándonos prioritariamente en los procesos léxicos
de la lectura y léxicos ortográficos de la escritura a través de actividades que desarrollen el vocabulario y
potencien la ruta fonología y visual impactando en una fluida lectura y escritura de palabras. Los resultados posteriores a la intervención evidencian un incremento positivo en el vocabulario, una mayor precisión y
velocidad al leer y una mejora significativa en la escritura al ser más consciente de las reglas de
correspondencia fonema grafema. En conclusión, el plan de intervención aplicado, permitió al niño lograr
avances significativos en las distintas áreas y procesos trabajados.
The adequate acquisition to basic academic skills (reading writing, mathematics) are a deterninig role in the lives of school age children. Since, the child will directly condition their school performance in favorable o limiting form. Actually, many children show alterations to process information efficiently and precisely, it make difficult for learn reading and writing, even if the child present a normal level of intellectual functioning. The goal of the case study is to structure the evaluation and intervention plan according to needs manifested by a child of 10 years of age and 3 months of age, with issues in lexical reading process and spelling process, this evident lack to consolidation and automation would be impacting the high-level process of reading and writing. The study emphasized areas and processes that were found to diminished, in relation to their grade and age, detected in the evaluation. Focusing me on the lexical reading process and lexical spelling process through activities that develop vocabulary and enhance the phonology and visual path, developing on a fluent reading and wrting of words. The results after the study show a positive increase in vocabulary, a higth precisión and speed reading and a improvement in writing, the child was more aware whit the role of phoneme-grapheme. In conclusión, the intervention plan applied allowed on the child to achieve progress in the different areas and processes worked on.
The adequate acquisition to basic academic skills (reading writing, mathematics) are a deterninig role in the lives of school age children. Since, the child will directly condition their school performance in favorable o limiting form. Actually, many children show alterations to process information efficiently and precisely, it make difficult for learn reading and writing, even if the child present a normal level of intellectual functioning. The goal of the case study is to structure the evaluation and intervention plan according to needs manifested by a child of 10 years of age and 3 months of age, with issues in lexical reading process and spelling process, this evident lack to consolidation and automation would be impacting the high-level process of reading and writing. The study emphasized areas and processes that were found to diminished, in relation to their grade and age, detected in the evaluation. Focusing me on the lexical reading process and lexical spelling process through activities that develop vocabulary and enhance the phonology and visual path, developing on a fluent reading and wrting of words. The results after the study show a positive increase in vocabulary, a higth precisión and speed reading and a improvement in writing, the child was more aware whit the role of phoneme-grapheme. In conclusión, the intervention plan applied allowed on the child to achieve progress in the different areas and processes worked on.
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Keywords
Trastornos del aprendizaje en niños (Educación)--Estudio de casos, Niños--Lenguaje--Estudio de casos, Comprensión de lectura, Escritura--Estudio y enseñanza