La Educación Matemática Realista en la enseñanza de la adición y sustracción en primer grado de Educación Primaria
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Date
2022-12-19
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El interés de este trabajo surge ante los resultados de las evaluaciones nacionales en
el área de matemáticas, aplicadas por el Ministerio de Educación del Perú a los
estudiantes de Educación Primaria hasta el 2019. Los datos evidencian que un 17%
de estudiantes del 2do grado alcanza el nivel esperado en el área. Lo que hace
necesario proponer un enfoque de enseñanza de las matemáticas para el nivel
primario, que favorezca el logro de los aprendizajes esperados. Por ello, el objetivo de
este estudio es describir los principios de la Educación Matemática Realista y su
aplicación en la enseñanza de la adición y sustracción con niños de 6 años que cursan
primer grado de educación primaria. La metodología del estudio es de carácter
cualitativo, con un método documental mediante la búsqueda de información acerca
de la Educación Matemática Realista y su aplicación en la enseñanza de la adición y
sustracción en primer grado de primaria. La importancia del estudio radica en mostrar
un enfoque de enseñanza de las matemáticas con sustento teórico, como es el caso
de la Educación Matemática Realista, que es una de las fuentes que nutre el enfoque
centrado en la resolución de problemas del área de matemática de los documentos
normativos del Ministerio de Educación del Perú, como el Currículo Nacional y el
Programa Curricular de Educación Primaria. Las principales conclusiones enfatizan
los seis principios de la Educación Matemática Realista que sustentan y organizan el
proceso de enseñanza de las
The interest of this work arises from the results of the national evaluations in the area of mathematics, applied by the Ministry of Education of Peru to students of Primary Education until 2019. The data shows that only 17% of 2nd grade students reach the expected level in the area. This makes it necessary to propose an approach to teaching mathematics for the primary level, which favors the achievement of the expected learning. Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the principles of Realistic Mathematics Education and its application in the teaching of addition and subtraction with 6-year-old children in the first grade of primary education. The methodology of the study is qualitative, with a documentary method through the search for information about Realistic Mathematical Education and its application in the teaching of addition and subtraction in the first grade of primary school. The importance of the study lies in showing an approach to teaching mathematics with theoretical support, as is the case of Realistic Mathematical Education, which is one of the sources that nourishes the focus on solving problems in the area of mathematics of the normative documents of the Ministry of Education of Peru, such as the National Curriculum and the Primary Education Curriculum Program. The main conclusions emphasize the six principles of Realistic Mathematics Education that support and organize the process of teaching mathematics and constitute a theoretical support that systematizes teaching practice.
The interest of this work arises from the results of the national evaluations in the area of mathematics, applied by the Ministry of Education of Peru to students of Primary Education until 2019. The data shows that only 17% of 2nd grade students reach the expected level in the area. This makes it necessary to propose an approach to teaching mathematics for the primary level, which favors the achievement of the expected learning. Therefore, the objective of this study is to describe the principles of Realistic Mathematics Education and its application in the teaching of addition and subtraction with 6-year-old children in the first grade of primary education. The methodology of the study is qualitative, with a documentary method through the search for information about Realistic Mathematical Education and its application in the teaching of addition and subtraction in the first grade of primary school. The importance of the study lies in showing an approach to teaching mathematics with theoretical support, as is the case of Realistic Mathematical Education, which is one of the sources that nourishes the focus on solving problems in the area of mathematics of the normative documents of the Ministry of Education of Peru, such as the National Curriculum and the Primary Education Curriculum Program. The main conclusions emphasize the six principles of Realistic Mathematics Education that support and organize the process of teaching mathematics and constitute a theoretical support that systematizes teaching practice.
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Keywords
Educación primaria--Perú--Investigaciones, Matemática--Estudio y enseñanza (Primaria), Aritmética--Estudio y enseñanza, Psicología del aprendizaje
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