Planeamiento estrategico del sector microfinanciero del Perú
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2019-04-30
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El sector microfinaciero peruano goza de gran prestigio y liderazgo a nivel
internacional, ya que está considerado como el país con el mejor entorno de negocios
para las microfinanzas. Varios factores contribuyeron a su rápido crecimiento, entre
ellos se pueden citar las dificultades que tenían las microempresas para acceder a un
crédito de la banca comercial, la realidad económica del país y el carácter
emprendedor de la población peruana, además el hecho de que el sector haya logrado
un conocimiento profundo del segmento que atiende. Esto dio lugar a una demanda
sostenida y creciente de los servicios microfinancieros, por lo que el sector se
constituyó en uno de los principales pilares del desarrollo social del Perú.
El sector microfinanciero se desarrolló en sus comienzos en las provincias del
interior del país, en donde la pobreza económica era acentuada y en donde la banca
tradicional no había llegado y si lo había hecho no había logrado satisfacerlo debido a
que las microempresas requerían de un financiamiento en condiciones adecuadas a
sus características. El crecimiento del sector fue rápido y exponencial, para
posteriormente incursionar a las principales ciudades del Perú, en donde actualmente
compite con la banca comercial.
En la actualidad, la competencia se ha tornado intensa en el mercado de las
microfinanzas, conformada por la banca comercial, financieras, cajas municipales de
ahorro y crédito, cajas rurales de ahorro y crédito, Edpymes, cooperativas, ONGs y
prestamistas. La mayor competencia en el margen financiero, está trayendo como
consecuencia una disminución apreciable en el ratio de rentabilidad patrimonial,
acompañado con el incremento de los ratios de morosidad y de la cartera de alto
riesgo a consecuencia del sobre-endeudamiento entre otros. Por otro lado las zonas rurales del Perú, aun cuentan con poca presencia de
instituciones financieras, en donde el uso de nuevas tecnologías haría posible
incrementar el nivel de bancarización y la inclusión financiera de manera rentable y
permitiría así ampliar el mercado de las microfinanzas.
La presente tesis tiene como objetivo elaborar un plan estratégico para el
sistema microfinanciero peruano, para que en el año 2025 el Perú continúe siendo
distinguido como el modelo de microfinanzas en el mundo y sea reconocido por su
cobertura, eficiencia, innovación, aplicando altos estándares internacionales y
constituyéndose en el soporte del emprendimiento y desarrollo del país.
En el presente Plan Estratégico proponemos estrategias y lineamientos para
que las instituciones microfinancieras puedan mantenerse y desarrollarse
exitosamente en el mercado, estas estrategias garantizan su continuidad, teniendo en
cuenta que las épocas de altos márgenes de utilidad y elevados ratios de crecimiento
están quedando atrás. Urge ahora mejorar los modelos actuales para mantenerse y
seguir creciendo, con una visión gerencial moderna, considerando entre otros
aspectos la consolidación a través de fusiones, la profundización financiera en los
sectores rurales con el uso intensivo de la tecnología, la creación de productos
innovadores, el mejoramiento de los procesos y servicios, fidelizando a los clientes,
proyectándose a mejorar las asesorías y capacitaciones a los emprendedores
capacitando a los alumnos en los últimos grados de los colegios secundarios. Solo así
se garantizará su éxito y continuidad en el mercado en las actuales circunstancias de
globalización económica.
The Microfinance sector is highly respected Peruvian and international leadership, as it is considered the country with the best business environment for microfinance. Several factors contributed to its rapid growth, among them may be mentioned the difficulties faced in accessing micro credit from commercial banks, the country's economic reality and entrepreneurship of the Peruvian population, besides the fact that the sector has achieved a deep understanding of the segment it serves. This resulted in a sustained and growing demand for microfinance services, so that the sector became one of the main pillars of social development in Peru. The microfinance sector is developed in its infancy in the interior provinces, where economic poverty was pronounced and where traditional banks had failed and if it had not been able to satisfy it, because it required a micro financing on terms suited to their characteristics. The sector's growth was rapid and exponential and later. Today, competition has become intense in the microfinance market, consisting enter the main cities of Peru, where it currently competes with commercial banks, financial institution , municipal savings and loan fund, rural savings and credit fund, development agencies for small and micro enterprises, cooperatives, NGOs and lenders. Increased competition in the financial margin is consequently resulting in a significant decrease in the rate of return on equity, together with increasing delinquency ratios and portfolio risk as a result of over-indebtedness among others. On the other hand the rural areas of Peru, still have little presence of financial institutions, where the use of new technologies make it possible to increase the level of banking and financial inclusion and enable cost-effective manner and expand the market for microfinance. This thesis aims to develop a strategic plan for the Peruvian microfinance system, so that in 2025, Peru continues to be distinguished as the model of microfinance in the world and is recognized for its coverage, efficiency, innovation, applying highest international standards and becoming the support of entrepreneurship and development. Microfinance institutions to remain successful in the market and require new strategies to ensure their continuity, taking into account that time of high profit margins and high growth rates are lagging behind. Now urgent to improve current models remain and continue to grow, with a modern management vision, considering inter alia the consolidation through mergers, financial deepening in rural areas with intensive use of technology, creating innovative products, improving processes and services, the loyalty of customers. Only this will ensure its success and continuity in the market under the current circumstances of economic globalization.
The Microfinance sector is highly respected Peruvian and international leadership, as it is considered the country with the best business environment for microfinance. Several factors contributed to its rapid growth, among them may be mentioned the difficulties faced in accessing micro credit from commercial banks, the country's economic reality and entrepreneurship of the Peruvian population, besides the fact that the sector has achieved a deep understanding of the segment it serves. This resulted in a sustained and growing demand for microfinance services, so that the sector became one of the main pillars of social development in Peru. The microfinance sector is developed in its infancy in the interior provinces, where economic poverty was pronounced and where traditional banks had failed and if it had not been able to satisfy it, because it required a micro financing on terms suited to their characteristics. The sector's growth was rapid and exponential and later. Today, competition has become intense in the microfinance market, consisting enter the main cities of Peru, where it currently competes with commercial banks, financial institution , municipal savings and loan fund, rural savings and credit fund, development agencies for small and micro enterprises, cooperatives, NGOs and lenders. Increased competition in the financial margin is consequently resulting in a significant decrease in the rate of return on equity, together with increasing delinquency ratios and portfolio risk as a result of over-indebtedness among others. On the other hand the rural areas of Peru, still have little presence of financial institutions, where the use of new technologies make it possible to increase the level of banking and financial inclusion and enable cost-effective manner and expand the market for microfinance. This thesis aims to develop a strategic plan for the Peruvian microfinance system, so that in 2025, Peru continues to be distinguished as the model of microfinance in the world and is recognized for its coverage, efficiency, innovation, applying highest international standards and becoming the support of entrepreneurship and development. Microfinance institutions to remain successful in the market and require new strategies to ensure their continuity, taking into account that time of high profit margins and high growth rates are lagging behind. Now urgent to improve current models remain and continue to grow, with a modern management vision, considering inter alia the consolidation through mergers, financial deepening in rural areas with intensive use of technology, creating innovative products, improving processes and services, the loyalty of customers. Only this will ensure its success and continuity in the market under the current circumstances of economic globalization.
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Palabras clave
Microfinanzas--Perú, Instituciones financieras--Perú, Planificación estratégica
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