Heterogeneidad en el desarrollo de la investigación desde la perspectiva institucional e histórica: el caso de cuatro universidades latinoamericanas
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2021-11-08
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El contexto actual demanda que las universidades latinoamericanas, o un grupo de
ellas, asuman la responsabilidad de conducir investigación de frontera que
contribuya con el desarrollo social y económico. En este sentido, la presente tesis
tiene el objetivo de estudiar las influencias que las condiciones institucionales y las
herencias históricas ejercen sobre el desarrollo de la investigación en cuatro
universidades privadas del Perú, Chile y Colombia. Estos casos de estudio han
logrado avances significativos en investigación en el periodo 1998-2017, aunque
analizados de manera comparada muestran importantes diferencias que ameritan
su estudio. Apoyada en las teorías del Nuevo Institucionalismo y de la Impronta, la
tesis plantea como hipótesis principal que las herencias históricas moderan los
efectos de las presiones institucionales en el desarrollo de la investigación en cada
caso. Los métodos y datos empleados para el análisis empírico incluyen el estudio
de casos múltiples de comparación estructurada y enfocada. El enfoque
seleccionado es mixto; el componente cualitativo se apoya en el análisis de
dimensiones teóricas en 28 entrevistas, usando el software AtlasTi v.9.24, y la
triangulación se realiza a través de estadística descriptiva a partir de una base de
datos con el perfil y la producción académica de 1551 profesores de los cuatro
casos. Los resultados muestran que diferentes combinaciones de condiciones
institucionales influyen en el desarrollo de la investigación; que los mecanismos
regulativos tienen menores efectos homogeneizadores; que los mecanismos
cognitivo – culturales están fuertemente orientados por una lógica de mercado y son
observables de manera consistente en los cuatro casos, y que las improntas de cada
universidad tienen un efecto moderador en el desarrollo de la investigación. Se pudo
constatar que las improntas intervienen amplificando o inhibiendo los efectos de los
diferentes condicionantes institucionales, lo que permite comprender las diferencias
en los resultados del desarrollo de la investigación.
The current context demands that Latin American universities, or a group of them, assume the responsibility of conducting advanced research that contributes to social and economic development. In this sense, the present thesis aims to study the influences that institutional conditions and historical legacies exert on the development of research in four private universities in Peru, Chile and Colombia. These cases have made significant advances and contributions in research in the period 1998-2017, although analysed in a comparative way they show important differences that merit their study. Supported by the theories of New Institutionalism and Imprinting, the thesis poses as the main hypothesis that historical legacies moderate the effects of institutional pressures on the development of research in each case study. For the empirical analysis, the multiple case study and the method of structured and focused comparison have been used. We used the mixed method approach; the qualitative component is supported by the analysis of theoretical dimensions on 28 interviews, using the AtlasTi v.9.24 software, and the triangulation is carried out through descriptive statistics on a database with the profile and academic production of 1551 professors of the four cases. Findings show that different combinations of institutional conditions influence the development of research; that regulatory mechanisms have less homogenizing effects; that the cognitive-cultural mechanisms are strongly oriented by a market logic and are consistently observable in the four cases, and that the universities imprints have a moderating effect on the development of research. It can be observed that imprints intervene by amplifying or inhibiting the effects of the different institutional conditions, which clarifies the differences in the results of research development.
The current context demands that Latin American universities, or a group of them, assume the responsibility of conducting advanced research that contributes to social and economic development. In this sense, the present thesis aims to study the influences that institutional conditions and historical legacies exert on the development of research in four private universities in Peru, Chile and Colombia. These cases have made significant advances and contributions in research in the period 1998-2017, although analysed in a comparative way they show important differences that merit their study. Supported by the theories of New Institutionalism and Imprinting, the thesis poses as the main hypothesis that historical legacies moderate the effects of institutional pressures on the development of research in each case study. For the empirical analysis, the multiple case study and the method of structured and focused comparison have been used. We used the mixed method approach; the qualitative component is supported by the analysis of theoretical dimensions on 28 interviews, using the AtlasTi v.9.24 software, and the triangulation is carried out through descriptive statistics on a database with the profile and academic production of 1551 professors of the four cases. Findings show that different combinations of institutional conditions influence the development of research; that regulatory mechanisms have less homogenizing effects; that the cognitive-cultural mechanisms are strongly oriented by a market logic and are consistently observable in the four cases, and that the universities imprints have a moderating effect on the development of research. It can be observed that imprints intervene by amplifying or inhibiting the effects of the different institutional conditions, which clarifies the differences in the results of research development.
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Educación superior–Investigaciones–América Latina, Universidades–Investigaciones–Perú, Universidades–Investigaciones–Chile, Universidades–Investigaciones–Colombia
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