Condiciones laborales y subjetividades en jóvenes docentes de colegios privados de bajo costo en Lima Metropolitana
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Date
2023-09-04
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
El giro neoliberal en el Perú de los años noventa ocasionó un impacto en el mercado
educativo. Numerosos emprendimientos fueron apareciendo en espacios donde existía
demanda por una educación de calidad para las nuevas generaciones. En medio de ese
contexto es que se produce la expansión de los colegios privados de bajo costo, que hoy
representan un porcentaje significativo de las escuelas peruanas. En Lima, la capital, por
ejemplo, representan el 61.7% de las escuelas primarias (Ministerio de Educación, 2018).
El personal docente que labora en estas instituciones afronta situaciones marcadas por la
incertidumbre.
La presente tesis presenta una exploración de las experiencias de unos jóvenes profesores
en este sector privado de bajo costo e identifica las repercusiones del neoliberalismo en
las prácticas y visiones de los maestros. Este trabajo se desarrolló cuando las instituciones
educativas mantenían casi en su totalidad la modalidad de clases virtuales, situación que
acrecentó las responsabilidades del personal docente y supuso planear nuevas formas de
vincularse con los estudiantes.
La metodología empleada fue cualitativa y la investigación se basó en entrevistas a
profundidad. A través de las voces de estos jóvenes educadores, podemos ingresar a
relatos que describen la consolidación de la precarización docente. Esto es posible no solo
por la insuficiente supervisión estatal sino por dinámicas propias de las economías
informales que van reproduciendo injusticias. A pesar de esto, el joven personal docente
no renuncia a sus ideales. Persiste el compromiso social aunque también afloran
expectativas de emprendimiento.
The neoliberal turn in Peru in the 1990s had an impact on the educational market. Numerous enterprises were appearing in spaces where there was a demand for quality education for the new generations. It is in the midst of this context that the expansion of low-cost private schools occurs, which today represent a significant share of Peruvian schools. In Lima, the capital, for example, they represent 61.7% of primary schools (Ministerio de Educación, 2018). The teaching staff working in these institutions face situations marked by uncertainty. This thesis aims to explore the experiences of some young teachers in this low-cost private sector and to identify the repercussions of neoliberalism on the practices and visions of teachers. This work was developed when educational institutions maintained almost entirely the modality of virtual classes, a situation that increased the responsibilities of the teaching staff and meant planning new ways to bond with students. The methodology was qualitative and research is based in depth interviews. Through the voices of these young teachers, we can access stories that describe the consolidation of teacher precariousness. This is possible not only due to insufficient state supervision but also due to the dynamics of informal economies that reproduce injustices. Despite this, the young teaching staff does not give up their ideals. Social commitment persists although entrepreneurial expectations also surface.
The neoliberal turn in Peru in the 1990s had an impact on the educational market. Numerous enterprises were appearing in spaces where there was a demand for quality education for the new generations. It is in the midst of this context that the expansion of low-cost private schools occurs, which today represent a significant share of Peruvian schools. In Lima, the capital, for example, they represent 61.7% of primary schools (Ministerio de Educación, 2018). The teaching staff working in these institutions face situations marked by uncertainty. This thesis aims to explore the experiences of some young teachers in this low-cost private sector and to identify the repercussions of neoliberalism on the practices and visions of teachers. This work was developed when educational institutions maintained almost entirely the modality of virtual classes, a situation that increased the responsibilities of the teaching staff and meant planning new ways to bond with students. The methodology was qualitative and research is based in depth interviews. Through the voices of these young teachers, we can access stories that describe the consolidation of teacher precariousness. This is possible not only due to insufficient state supervision but also due to the dynamics of informal economies that reproduce injustices. Despite this, the young teaching staff does not give up their ideals. Social commitment persists although entrepreneurial expectations also surface.
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Keywords
Maestros--Empleo--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Escuelas privadas--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Empleo precario--Perú--Lima Metropolitana, Educación y Estado--Perú--Lima Metropolitana
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