Flujos de capital, política monetaria y equilibrio externo
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía
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Abstract
En contraste con lo ocurrido durante 1995 en las economías latinoamericanas mayores tras la crisis de balanza de pagos mexicana, en el Perú el déficit comercial ha continuado ampliándose a pesar de la aplicación de políticas fiscal y monetaria restrictivas. En este trabajo se presenta un modelo con libre movilidad de capitales, tipo de cambio flexible y sistema bancario dolarizado, para mostrar un resultado poco usual: que una política monetaria restrictiva amplía el déficit comercial. En este marco institucional, se requiere interferir con la libre movilidad de capitales para que el banco central pueda regular la oferta total de crédito doméstico, condición indispensable para que la política monetaria restrictiva contribuya a corregir el desequilibrio comercial.
Unlike what happenned in most Latin American economies after the Mexican crisis,the Peruvian trade deficit kept on growing during 1995, in spite of the application ofrestrictive fiscal and monetary policies. In this paper, a model with free capital mobility, flexible exchange rates and a dollarized banking system is used to show a rather unusual result: that a restrictive monetary policy worsens the commercial deficit. In this institutional framework, capital controls are needed for the Central Bank to be able to regulate the total supply of domestic credit, which in time is a required condition for a restrictive monetary policy to improve the trade balance.
Unlike what happenned in most Latin American economies after the Mexican crisis,the Peruvian trade deficit kept on growing during 1995, in spite of the application ofrestrictive fiscal and monetary policies. In this paper, a model with free capital mobility, flexible exchange rates and a dollarized banking system is used to show a rather unusual result: that a restrictive monetary policy worsens the commercial deficit. In this institutional framework, capital controls are needed for the Central Bank to be able to regulate the total supply of domestic credit, which in time is a required condition for a restrictive monetary policy to improve the trade balance.
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Política monetaria--Perú, Crédito bancario—Perú
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