Clusters de la industria en el Perú
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Torres Zorrilla, Jorge
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Departamento de Economía
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Abstract
El estudio describe las empresas más importantes de los clusters, los eslabonamientos productivos, el destino final de los productos, y la propiedad de algunas de las empresas consideradas. El estudio concluye que los clusters industriales todavía están en su primera etapa de formación y que existen limitaciones en relación a las bajas capacidades tecnológicas existentes, a la capacidad de generar innovaciones y difundir aprendizajes, a la insuficiencia de demanda interna que permita escalas mínimas de producción, y a las dificultades actuales para un mayor financiamiento y para inversión directa extranjera. El estudio concluye que los clusters industriales más desarrollados son los complejos de exportación de la economía: Minería-Metalurgia, Pesca, y Textiles.
This study presents a cluster analysis of all industrial sectors in Peru, which is derived from the information contained in the input-output matrix of the Peruvian economy for the year 1994. The study lists the most important firms in every cluster, it describes the production links among firms and the final destination of all outputs, and it provides information on who are the owners of some of the most important firms. The conclusions of the study are: (i) industrial clusters in Peru are yet in the first stages of development; (ii) there are limitations for further clustering due to: low technological capabilities, to lack of capacity to generate innovations and transfer learning experiences, to insufficient domestic demands which only allow small scales of production, and to present-day restrictions for external financing and new direct foreign investment; (iii) the most-developed industrial clusters in Peru are those related to the exporting complexes of the economy: Mining-Metal Industries, Fishing, and Textiles.
This study presents a cluster analysis of all industrial sectors in Peru, which is derived from the information contained in the input-output matrix of the Peruvian economy for the year 1994. The study lists the most important firms in every cluster, it describes the production links among firms and the final destination of all outputs, and it provides information on who are the owners of some of the most important firms. The conclusions of the study are: (i) industrial clusters in Peru are yet in the first stages of development; (ii) there are limitations for further clustering due to: low technological capabilities, to lack of capacity to generate innovations and transfer learning experiences, to insufficient domestic demands which only allow small scales of production, and to present-day restrictions for external financing and new direct foreign investment; (iii) the most-developed industrial clusters in Peru are those related to the exporting complexes of the economy: Mining-Metal Industries, Fishing, and Textiles.
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Distritos industriales--Perú
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