Evaluación de la pérdida de tierras de cultivo por el déficit hídrico en el distrito de Curibaya, provincia de Candarave, Tacna entre el periodo 1962 - 2017
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Date
2021-09-17
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
Abstract
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo evaluar la pérdida de las tierras de cultivo
por el déficit hídrico en el distrito de Curibaya entre 1962 y 2017, así como también conocer
la calidad del suelo agrícola actual, a fin de aportar datos hacia una mejor gestión del
territorio. El área de estudio se encuentra en el distrito de Curibaya, provincia de Candarave,
Tacna. La metodología fue dividida en tres partes: recolección de datos en campo, trabajo
de gabinete y análisis de laboratorio. En el gabinete, con ayuda de fotografías aéreas del
SAN e imágenes satelitales de SENTINEL 2, se digitalizaron las áreas con uso agrícola y su
variación entre 1962 y 2017. En el campo, se levantó información mediante la observación
directa y se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a los pobladores para conocer su
percepción sobre los temas abordados como calidad del suelo, producción agrícola, entre
otros; además se recolectaron las muestras de suelo para su posterior tratamiento. En el
laboratorio, se realizaron los análisis de las propiedades físicas y químicas del suelo. Se
concluye que el déficit hídrico junto a otros factores como la construcción de la actual
carretera y la central hidroeléctrica Aricota I han provocado la reducción de 159,74 ha de la
superficie agrícola entre los años 1962 – 2017, superficie ubicada principalmente en la parte
media y alta del área de estudio. En cuanto a la calidad del suelo agrícola, desde el punto
de vista de fertilidad se puede considerar aceptable, sin embargo, es necesario tomar en
cuenta las elevadas concentraciones de boro y arsénico en el suelo y agua de riego, situación
perjudicial para la producción agrícola y los recursos mismos.
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the loss of farmland due to the water deficit in the Curibaya district between 1962 and 2017, as well as to know the quality of the current agricultural soil, to contribute towards better management of the territory. The study area is located in the Curibaya district, Candarave province, Tacna. The methodology consists of three phases: fieldwork, laboratory, and office. In the office, with the help of aerial photographs of the SAN and satellite images of SENTINEL 2, the areas with agricultural use and their variation between 1962 and 2017 were digitized. In the field, information was collected through direct observation and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the residents to know their perception of the issues addressed such as soil quality, agricultural production, among others; In addition, soil samples were collected for subsequent treatment. In the laboratory, analyzes of the physical and chemical properties of the soil were carried out. It is concluded that the water deficit has caused a reduction of 159,74 ha of the agricultural area between the years 1962 - 2017, located mainly in the middle and upper part of the study area. In addition, other factors that influenced this reduction are identified, such as the construction of the current highway and the Aricota I hydroelectric plant. Regarding the quality of the agricultural soil, from the point of view of fertility, it can be considered acceptable, however, it is necessary to take into account the high concentrations of boron and arsenic in the soil and irrigation water, a situation that is detrimental to agricultural production and the same resources.
The purpose of this research is to evaluate the loss of farmland due to the water deficit in the Curibaya district between 1962 and 2017, as well as to know the quality of the current agricultural soil, to contribute towards better management of the territory. The study area is located in the Curibaya district, Candarave province, Tacna. The methodology consists of three phases: fieldwork, laboratory, and office. In the office, with the help of aerial photographs of the SAN and satellite images of SENTINEL 2, the areas with agricultural use and their variation between 1962 and 2017 were digitized. In the field, information was collected through direct observation and semi-structured interviews were conducted with the residents to know their perception of the issues addressed such as soil quality, agricultural production, among others; In addition, soil samples were collected for subsequent treatment. In the laboratory, analyzes of the physical and chemical properties of the soil were carried out. It is concluded that the water deficit has caused a reduction of 159,74 ha of the agricultural area between the years 1962 - 2017, located mainly in the middle and upper part of the study area. In addition, other factors that influenced this reduction are identified, such as the construction of the current highway and the Aricota I hydroelectric plant. Regarding the quality of the agricultural soil, from the point of view of fertility, it can be considered acceptable, however, it is necessary to take into account the high concentrations of boron and arsenic in the soil and irrigation water, a situation that is detrimental to agricultural production and the same resources.
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Keywords
Recursos hidrológicos--Perú--Candarave (Tacna : Provincia), Uso de la tierra--Perú--Candarave (Tacna : Provincia), Agua en agricultura--Perú--Candarave (Tacna : Provincia)