Trabajo asalariado y maternidad : un estudio fenomenológico con mujeres ejecutivas
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2018-11-09
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Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú
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El objetivo del presente estudio es conocer los significados que un grupo de mujeres
ejecutivas le asigna a su trabajo al ser madres. Para ello, se planteó un diseño
fenomenológico basado en entrevistas en profundidad con cuatro mujeres ejecutivas en
Lima Metropolitana, quienes laboran en empresas privadas y tienen un solo hijo/a
pequeño. Las experiencias subjetivas del significado del trabajo fueron analizadas partir
de la teoría del “ajuste trabajo-familia” (Grzywacz & Bass, 2003). Asimismo, se
indagaron los diferentes vínculos y tensiones entre el ámbito laboral y el familiar, así
como las maneras en que estas mujeres madres trabajadoras concilian, afrontan y
articulan estas dos dimensiones de su vida.
Los resultados se discutieron a partir de dos ejes principales: tensión por el tiempo y la
maternidad como elemento que completa. Se halló que el significado del trabajo se
transforma, e incluso se relega a un segundo plano luego de la maternidad; siendo este
el rol prioritario durante los primeros años de vida del hijo/a. Si bien, para las
participantes, la maternidad completaría la ecuación trabajo-pareja-familia, la cual
representa lograr la autorrealización de la mujer contemporánea, cada factor de la
ecuación tendría un peso distinto en sus vivencias. Los resultados permiten reflexionar
sobre cómo las condiciones del actual sistema laboral, a falta de políticas
(gubernamentales y privadas) que apoyen las necesidades para mejorar el ajuste trabajofamilia,
promueven que las mujeres asuman más responsabilidades que los hombres con
una doble carga siendo esto naturalizado por ellas mismas y por la sociedad.
The main purpose of the present study is to know the meanings that a group of executive women assigns to their work after becoming mothers. To do this, a phenomenological design was proposed based on in-depth interviews with four executive women in Metropolitan Lima, who work in private companies and have only one small child. The subjective experiences of the meaning of work were analyzed starting from the theory of "work-family adjustment" (Grzywacz & Bass, 2003). Likewise, the different links and tensions between the work and family environment were investigated, as well as the ways in which these working mothers women reconcile, face and articulate these two dimensions of their lives. The results were discussed from two main axes: tension for time and motherhood as the element that completes. It was found that the meaning of work is transformed, and even relegated to the background after motherhood; even this being the priority role during the first years of the child's life. Although, for the participants, motherhood would complete the work-couple-family equation, which represents achieving the selfrealization of contemporary women, each factor of the equation would have a different weight in their experiences. The results allow us to reflect on how the conditions of the current labor system, in the absence of policies (governmental and private) that support the needs to improve work-family adjustment, promote that women assume more responsibilities than men with a double burden, this being naturalized by themselves and by society.
The main purpose of the present study is to know the meanings that a group of executive women assigns to their work after becoming mothers. To do this, a phenomenological design was proposed based on in-depth interviews with four executive women in Metropolitan Lima, who work in private companies and have only one small child. The subjective experiences of the meaning of work were analyzed starting from the theory of "work-family adjustment" (Grzywacz & Bass, 2003). Likewise, the different links and tensions between the work and family environment were investigated, as well as the ways in which these working mothers women reconcile, face and articulate these two dimensions of their lives. The results were discussed from two main axes: tension for time and motherhood as the element that completes. It was found that the meaning of work is transformed, and even relegated to the background after motherhood; even this being the priority role during the first years of the child's life. Although, for the participants, motherhood would complete the work-couple-family equation, which represents achieving the selfrealization of contemporary women, each factor of the equation would have a different weight in their experiences. The results allow us to reflect on how the conditions of the current labor system, in the absence of policies (governmental and private) that support the needs to improve work-family adjustment, promote that women assume more responsibilities than men with a double burden, this being naturalized by themselves and by society.
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Mujeres--Trabajo--Aspectos psicológicos, Maternidad, Trabajo y familia
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